Classical Civilizations

Question 1

elements of hinduism

Answer 1

dharma, karma, samsara, moksha

Vedas/Bhagavad Gita are texts used in Hinduism

Question 2

dharma

hinduism

Answer 2

duty and ethics

Question 3

karma

hinduism

Answer 3

actions affect future lives

Question 4

samsara

hinduism

Answer 4

cycle of rebirth

Question 5

Moksha

hinduism

Answer 5

liberation from the cycle

Question 6

elements of buddhism

Answer 6

four noble truths, eightfold path

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Question 7

four noble truths

buddhism

Answer 7

understanding suffering and its causes

Question 8

eightfold path

buddhism

Answer 8

steps to achieve enlightment (nirvana)

Question 9

elements of confucianism

Answer 9

filial piety, social harmony

sayings of confucius are called analects

Question 10

filial piety

confucianism

Answer 10

respect for family

Question 11

social harmony

confucianism

Answer 11

importance of relationships and educations

Question 12

legalism

Answer 12

strict laws and punishments, emphasis on state control and order

used during Qin dynasty

Question 13

daoism/taoism

Answer 13

harmony w the dao, simplicity and spontaneity

text: Tao Te Ching

Question 14

harmony w the dao

daoism

Answer 14

the natural order of the universe

Question 15

simplicity and spontaneity

daoism

Answer 15

living in accordance with nature

Question 16

zoroastrianism

Answer 16

dualism, concepts of heaven and hell

zoroaster

Question 17

dualism

zoroastrianism

Answer 17

good vs evil (ahura mazda vs angra mainyu)

Question 18

judaism

Answer 18

monotheism, convenant

torah

Question 19

monotheism

judaism

Answer 19

belief in one god

Question 20

convenant

judaism

Answer 20

agreement between god and the jewish ppl

Question 21

qin dynasty

221-206 BCE

Answer 21

centralized gov’t, legalist policies, great wall construction

Question 22

mauryan empire

322-185 BCE

Answer 22

features large indian empire, promoted buddhism under ashoka, extensive trade

Question 23

achaemenid empire

550-330 BCE

Answer 23

features vast persian empire, cultural tolerance (diversity), efficient governance

Question 24

ancient israel

Circa 1200-586 BCE

Answer 24

features monarchy (e.g., David, Solomon), foundation of judaism

Question 25

warring states period ## Footnote 475-221 BCE

Answer 25

fragmentation of China, emergence of various philosophies

Question 26

zhou dynasty ## Footnote 1046-256 BCE

Answer 26

features feudal system (work equates to land received), intro to mandate of heaven

Question 27

shi huangdi ## Footnote first empire of China (qin)

Answer 27

unified china, standardized systems, built the great wall

Question 28

abraham ## Footnote patriarch in judaism, christianity, islam

Answer 28

established the concept of monotheism

Question 29

ashoka ## Footnote emperor of the mauryan empire

Answer 29

spread buddhism, promoted ethical governance

Question 30

cyrus the great ## Footnote founder of the achaemenid empire

Answer 30

known for the tolerance and respect for local customs [of those he conquered]

Question 30

darius I ## Footnote king of the achaemenid empire

Answer 30

expanded the empire, reformed administration

Question 31

mandate of heaven

Answer 31

belief that rulers are granted authority by heaven, contingent on their ability to govern well ## Footnote contingent - true by virtue of the way things in fact are and not by logical necessity

Question 32

salvation

Answer 32

concept of being saved from suffering or sin; varies by religion (e.g., Nirvana in buddhism)

Question 33

karma

Answer 33

the principle that a person's actions influence their future lives

Question 34

Samsara

Answer 34

the continuous cycle of life, death, and rebirth

Question 35

reincarnation

Answer 35

the belief that the soul is reborn in a new body after death