Classical and Romantic Music (Test 2) Flashcards
Joseph II of Vianna
Enlightened emperor who was an amateur musician and a strong supporter of the arts
Vienna
Musical capital of Europe during the classical period
Program music
Music that tells a story or describes a picture or theme
String quartet
Chamber ensemble comprised of 4 musicians from the string section of an orchestra
Aristocratic patronage
System of employment whereby composers could earn a living
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride for one’s country
Absolute music
Music with no literary association
Chamber music
Music designed to be preformed in small rooms and intimate settings
Symphony
Most important genre of instrumental music during the classical period (has 4 movements)
Symphony
Most important genre of instrumental music during the classical period (has 4 movements)
Requiem
A religious mass was a religious composition written to honor the dead
Sonata form/Sonata Allegro form
Musical form containing exposition, development, recaappitulation
Rubato
A musical technique whereby the tempo slows down or speeds up to produce a dramatic effect for the listener. It’s used a great deal in piano pieces
Mozart
A “Child prodigy” who grew up performing for the courts of Europe
Haydn
Classical period composer known as the “father” of the symphony
Beethoven
General composer who bridged the classical and romantic period
Chopin
Polish composer who was known as the “poet of the piano”
Tchaikovsky
Russian composer known as the ”master of melody”
Hayden
Served as court composer to the Esterhazy family for over 30 years
Beethoven
Became the first “freelance” composer in history, he lost his hearing by age 32
Schubert
Austrian composer who said “my music is a combination of my talent and misery.”
Mozart
Could write down music from memory after hearing it once
Berlioz
French composer who’s infatuation with hurried smithson resulted in a famous program symphony. The wrote the first book on “orchestration”
Beethoven
German composer who considered himself equal to the aristocracy. His music is performed al recorded more than any other in music history
Mozart
A composer who died young, poor, and was buried in an unmarked grave
Liszt
Hungarian composer captivated his audiences with a “rock- star” like personality and is considered the greatest virtuoso pianist of the romantic period
Schubert
Austrian composer famous for his “Art songs” to kind und in poverty and was forced to sell many of his compositions for the price of a meal
Tchaikovsky
Russian compose famous for composing “The Nutcracker” ballet
Musical era where the two primary sources of inspiration were “nature” and the “occult”
Romantic
Musical era that ushered in “comic opera”
Classical
Musical era that saw the emergence of a skilled performer known as a “virtuoso”
Romantic
Musical era that saw the emergence of the woodwind section of the orchestra
classical
Musical era that saw an increased timbre (tone color) due to the expanded size of the orchestra.
Romantic
Musical era that saw a rise in the performance of “chamber music” such as the string quartet
classical
Musical era that aligns with the period known as the “Age of Enlightenment” or “Age of Reason”
classical
Musical era that saw increased use of crescendo and decrescendo in dynamics
Classical
Musical era where composers sought greater “emotion” and subjectivity in their music
romantic
Musical era where the composer’s point of view was intellectual and considered “objective”.
classical
Musical era that saw the emergence of the brass section of the orchestra
romantic
This period of music saw the invention of the “miniature composition” for piano
romantic
this period of music witnessed increased “chromaticism” creating tension and suspense
romantic
This era of music saw the introduction and development of the genre known as symphony
classical
This era of music saw musicians look to Ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration
classical
This period of music saw the invention of “program music”
romantic
This period of music saw a rise in the public concert
classical
This era of music began as a “literary movement” at the beginning of the 19th century
romantic
This period of music featured graceful and tuneful melodies with a simple accompaniment
classical
This era of music saw the composer’s point of view which was emotional and considered “subjective”.
romantic
This period of music utilized forms such as Rondo, and theme & variations
classical
The period of music that featured the musical form known as the “art song”
romantic
The music of this era moved from being “simple” to “complex” and emotional
romantic
composers of this musical era strived for balanced proportions in their music
classical
During this period of music the center of musical activity shifted away from Vienna, Austria to Paris, France
romantic
Why (in accordance with the “Amadeus” movie) is Mozart considered one of the greatest composers of all time?
-he was a child prodigy
-he was a virtuoso pianist
-he could hear a piece of music once and play it back identically
-he composed successfully in every musical genre of his day
How did the industrial revolution influence the music of the Romantic period?
there was mass production of musical instruments that drove down the price while also increasing their quality. Also, the piano was given a cast iron frame making it a powerful solo instrument.
How did the size and role of the orchestra change during the Romantic period?
The symphony grew and the brass section was fully implemented which expanded its tone color (timbre).
Why is Beethoven considered by many to be the greatest musical composer of all time?
-his music is still widely preformed/recorded today
-despite being totally deaf, he wrote some of the greatest music of his life time.
-he was the first freelance composer of his day
-he elevated the status of a composer from servent to artist
-his life/work bridged classical and romantic eras of music.
Symphony
-the most important instrumental genre of the Classical period.
-has four major movements (fast-slow-dance-fast)
string quartet
-falls into the catagory of “chamber music” as it is meant to be preformed in small rooms or intimate settings
- usually made up of four specific string instruments:
2 violins, 1 viola, and a 1 cello
sonata
-associated with unaccompanied solo works for keyboard or keyboard accompanying another solo instrument
- follows the fast-slow-fast structure of the concerto.
concerto
-single soloist accompanying an orchestra
-usually using violin or piano, though any instrument can do so
-uses a fast-slow-fast structure
Dissonance
note gringing against note; that has to be resolved
subjectivity
lead through emotion—commonly associated with romantic forms of music
objectivity
lead through reasoning/practicality and focuses on symatry—commonly associated classical forms of music
Program Music
-developed my Hector Berlioz
-Music that tells a story, narrative, dream sequence, or a scene from nature.
Art Song
-musical setting of a poem where music sets the mood for the text
-developed by Franz Schubert
-centers on themes of romantic love, nature, or the macabre
- often accompanied by piano or singer
Polonaise
- developed and popularized by Chopin as a symbol of national heroism
-based on a Polish folk dance
Symphonic Poem
-developed by Franz Liszt
-a one-movement piece that captures the emotions and events of a story
-no breaks between the contrasting four movements
intended to inspire listeners to imagine scenes, images, and fantasies.
Opera
- The Romantic era of music is considered the “Golden age” of Opera
Romantic Opera os characterized by:
-fascination with the beauty of nature
-the power of evil
-the supernatural
-patriotism
-a desire for liberty
-the development of “be canto” (beautiful) singing style
