Classical

Question 1

Sonata form

Answer 1

a musical structure consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. It has been used widely since the middle of the 18th century

Question 2

Mannheim school

Answer 2

the orchestral techniques pioneered by the court orchestra of Mannheim in the latter half of the 18th century (such as more independent treatment of the wind instruments, and its famous whole-orchestra crescendo) - members included: Johann Stamitz, Franz Xaver Richter, Carl Stamitz, Franz Ignaz Beck, Ignaz Fränzl, and Christian Cannabich

Question 3

Sturm und drang

Answer 3

a literary and artistic movement in Germany in the late 18th century, influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and characterized by the expression of emotional unrest and a rejection of neoclassical literary norms.

Question 4

Heiligenstadt Testament

Answer 4

a letter written by Ludwig van Beethoven to his brothers Carl and Johann- It reflects his despair over his increasing deafness, even his contemplation of suicide, and his continued desire to overcome his physical and emotional ailments to complete his artistic destiny

Question 5

Tempo di mezzo

Answer 5

In Italian opera of the 19th century, a fast transitional passage that separates a cantabile from a cabaletta or a pezzo concertato from a stretta

Question 6

Grand opera

Answer 6

a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras and spectacular design and stage effects