Classical

Question 1

What dates does the Rococo period refer to?

Answer 1

1720-1770.

Question 2

What period came out of the Baroque era?

Answer 2

Rococo.

Question 3

What musical style came out of the Rococo era?

Answer 3

‘Style galante’.

Question 4

How does the galante style differ to Baroque?

Answer 4

Lighter, simpler and more elegant.
Clearer distinctions between melody and accompaniment.
A reliant on more basic harmonies (predominant tonic/dominant relationships).
Textures less dependent on polyphonic procedures.
Simpler, periodic musical phrases.

Question 5

Which composers used the galante style?

Answer 5

Jean Phillipe Rameau, François Couperin.

Question 6

What was the German equivalent to ‘style galante’?

Answer 6

‘Empfindsamer Stil’.

Question 7

How does ‘Empfindsamer Stil’ differ to ‘style galante’?

Answer 7

Preference of appoggiaturas over lavish ornamentation.
Harmonic and melodic chromaticism.

Question 8

Which composers used the ‘Empfindsamer Still’?

Answer 8

C.P.E Bach, Carl Friedrich Abel, Carl Heinrich Graun, Johann Joachim Quantz.

Question 9

What does Sturm und Drang entail?

Answer 9

Extreme contrasts in register and dynamics.
Instability of key.
Exciting orchestral effects.

Question 10

Which styles were woven together to form Classical?

Answer 10

Style galante, empfindsamer Stil, Sturm und Drang.

Question 11

Where did the symphony come from?

Answer 11

Orchestral pieces of music in Italian opera.

Question 12

What is the usual form for the first movement?

Answer 12

Sonata form.

Question 13

What is the usual form the second movement?

Answer 13

Just slow, lol.

Question 14

What is the usual form for the third movement?

Answer 14

Minuet and trio.

Question 15

What is the usual form for the fourth movement?

Answer 15

Rondo (or sonata-rondo).

Question 16

How did Stamitz contribute to the development of the symphony?

Answer 16

Favoured the 4-movement plan.
Unpredictable treatment of ideas.
Strong thematic material.
Energised rhythmic drive.
Simple tutti textures.
Sudden changes in dynamics and accents.

Question 17

What is the Mannheim crescendo?

Answer 17

A crescendo for the entire orchestra.

Question 18

What is the Mannheim climax?

Answer 18

Usually followed the Mannheim crescendo, where the instrument except strings would gradually drop out.

Question 19

What is the Mannheim Rocket?

Answer 19

A rising passage based on an arpeggio, coupled with a crescendo.

Question 20

What is the Mannheim Roller?

Answer 20

A loud extended passage with an ascending melody over an ostinato bass.

Question 21

What is the Mannheim sigh?

Answer 21

A pair of slurred notes with increased emphasis on the first.

Question 22

What are Mannheim birds?

Answer 22

Instrumental sounds which imitated birds in solo passages.

Question 23

What is the Grand Pause?

Answer 23

A sudden rest for everybody, before an energetic restart.

Question 24

How did Mannheim school contribute to the development of the symphony?

Answer 24

The Mannheim crescendo.
The Mannheim climax.
The Mannheim Rocket.
The Mannheim Roller.
The Mannheim sigh.
Mannheim birds.
The Grand Pause.

Question 25

What else did Stamitz contribute to the development of?

Answer 25

Sonata form (he used it in his first movements).

Question 26

Who were the first composers to perfect the symphonic style?

Answer 26

Haydn, Mozart.