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Rapid Review > Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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3
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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4
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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5
Q

S. Aureus

A
  1. MSSA:
    • Nafcillin
    • Oxacillin
    • Dicloxacillin
      “Normal staph is gone in a wink and a NOD”
  2. MRSA:
    • Vancomycin
    • Linezolid
    • Ceftaroline
    • Daptomycin
      “I LV CDs in the childlife playroom but they need to be washed because of MRSA”
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6
Q

S. pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

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7
Q

S. pneumo

A
  1. Systemic infection, pneumonia: Penicillin/Cephalosporin

2. Meningitis: Vancomycin

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8
Q

S. bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluate for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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9
Q

Enterococci

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Cephalosporins
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10
Q

H. influenzae

A
  1. Mucosal infections: Amoxicillin +/- clav

2. Meningitis: Ceftriaxone; Rifampin (prophylaxis)

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11
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (eg: Azithromycin)

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12
Q

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

A
  • Piperacilli/tazobactam
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Carbapenems
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13
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  1. Doxycycline + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection

2. Oral erythromycin to treat conjunctivitis in infants

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15
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Chloramphenicol

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Vaginitis: topical azoles

  • Nystatin
  • Fluconazole
  • Caspofungin

Oral/esophageal:

  • Fluconazole
  • Caspofungin

Systemic:
- Amphotericin B

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17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine; maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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18
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A
  1. Itraconazole

2. Oral potassium iodide

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (start prophylaxis in CD4<200)

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20
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

Malaria

A
  1. Chloroquine
  2. Mefloquine
  3. Atovaquone/proguanil for blood schizont
  4. Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
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22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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23
Q

Influenza

A
  1. Oseltamivir

2. Zanamivir

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24
Q

CMV

A
  1. Ganciclovir
  2. Foscarnet
  3. Cidofovir
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25
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

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26
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory: oral vancomycin

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27
Q

Mycobacterium TB

A

RIPE:

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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28
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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29
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-a (HBV and HCV)
Ribavirin
Simeprevir
Sofosbuvir (HCV)

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30
Q

PDA

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

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31
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

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32
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

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33
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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34
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

A

Cyclophosphamide

Corticosteroids

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35
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG

High-dose aspirin

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36
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

37
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class 1b antiarrhythmic (Lidocaine, Mexiletine)

38
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

a-antagonists (eg: phenoxybenzamine)

39
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (DA agonists)

40
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indomethacin
Amiloride (nephrogenic)

41
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

42
Q

DM 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carb) + insulin replacement

43
Q

DM 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin if refractory

44
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

45
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

46
Q

Crohn’s disease

A
  1. Corticosteroids
  2. Infliximab
  3. Azathioprine
47
Q

UC

A

4-ASA preparations (eg: mesalamine)
6-mercaptopurine
Infliximab
Colectomy

48
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

49
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal Hb)

50
Q

CML

A

Imatinib

51
Q

APML (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

52
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

53
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

54
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

55
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban

56
Q

Warfarin reversal

A 
Fresh frozen plasma (acute)
Vitamin K (non-acute)
57
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

58
Q

HER2/neu+ breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A 
Ca+2/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis)
Bisphosphonates
PTH analogs
SERMs
Calcitonin
Denosumab
60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vit D supplementation

61
Q

Chronic gout

A

XO inhibitors:

  • Allopurinol
  • Febuxostat
  • Pegloticase
  • Probenecid
62
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Glucocorticoids

63
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

64
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies:

  • Sumatriptan
  • NSAIDs

Prophylaxis:

  • Proproanolol
  • Topiramate
  • CCBs
  • Amitryptyline
65
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

66
Q

MS

A

Longer term:

  • B-IFN
  • Natalizumab

Acute:
- IV steroids

67
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A
  1. Tabes dorsalis 3~ syphyllis

2. Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts)

68
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A
  1. Levetiracetam
  2. Phenytoin
  3. Valproate
  4. Carbamazepine
69
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

70
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

71
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine “Mirta Blat always helped the anorexic hs students enjoy Latin cuisine”

72
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

73
Q

Alcoholism

A
  1. Disulfiram
  2. Acamprosite
  3. Naltrexone
  4. Supportive care
74
Q

ADHD

A
  1. Methylphenidate
  2. Amphetamines
  3. CBT
  4. Atomoxetine
  5. Guanfacine
  6. Clonidine
75
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzos

76
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers:

  • Lithium
  • Valproic acid
  • Carbamazepine

Atypical antipsychotics

77
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs

78
Q

GAD

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, Buspirone (2nd line)

79
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

80
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

81
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

a1-antagonists
5a-reductase inhibitors
PDE-5 inhibitors

82
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide
Pulsatile GnRH
Clomiphene

83
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

84
Q

ER+ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

85
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

86
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

87
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

88
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

89
Q

Pulmonary arterial HTN (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil
Bosentan
Epoprostenol

Rapid Review (6 decks)

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