Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
A
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
2
Q
Neisseria meningitidis
A
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
3
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
Antitoxin
4
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
Antitoxin
5
Q
S. Aureus
A
- MSSA:
- Nafcillin
- Oxacillin
- Dicloxacillin
“Normal staph is gone in a wink and a NOD”
- MRSA:
- Vancomycin
- Linezolid
- Ceftaroline
- Daptomycin
“I LV CDs in the childlife playroom but they need to be washed because of MRSA”
6
Q
S. pyogenes
A
Penicillin prophylaxis
7
Q
S. pneumo
A
- Systemic infection, pneumonia: Penicillin/Cephalosporin
2. Meningitis: Vancomycin
8
Q
S. bovis
A
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluate for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
9
Q
Enterococci
A
- Vancomycin
- Aminopenicillins
- Cephalosporins
10
Q
H. influenzae
A
- Mucosal infections: Amoxicillin +/- clav
2. Meningitis: Ceftriaxone; Rifampin (prophylaxis)
11
Q
Legionella pneumophila
A
Macrolides (eg: Azithromycin)
12
Q
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
A
- Piperacilli/tazobactam
- Aminoglycosides
- Carbapenems
13
Q
Treponema pallidum
A
Penicillin G
14
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis
A
- Doxycycline + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection
2. Oral erythromycin to treat conjunctivitis in infants
15
Q
Rickettsia rickettsii
A
- Doxycycline
2. Chloramphenicol
16
Q
Candida albicans
A
Vaginitis: topical azoles
- Nystatin
- Fluconazole
- Caspofungin
Oral/esophageal:
- Fluconazole
- Caspofungin
Systemic:
- Amphotericin B
17
Q
Cryptococcus neoformans
A
Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine; maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
18
Q
Sporothrix schenckii
A
- Itraconazole
2. Oral potassium iodide
19
Q
Pneumocystis jirovecii
A
TMP-SMX (start prophylaxis in CD4<200)
20
Q
Toxoplasma gondii
A
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
21
Q
Malaria
A
- Chloroquine
- Mefloquine
- Atovaquone/proguanil for blood schizont
- Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
22
Q
Trichomonas vaginalis
A
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
23
Q
Influenza
A
- Oseltamivir
2. Zanamivir
24
Q
CMV
A
- Ganciclovir
- Foscarnet
- Cidofovir
25
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)
26
Clostridium difficile
Oral metronidazole; if refractory: oral vancomycin
27
Mycobacterium TB
RIPE:
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
28
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
29
Chronic hepatitis B or C
IFN-a (HBV and HCV)
Ribavirin
Simeprevir
Sofosbuvir (HCV)
30
PDA
Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs
31
Stable angina
Sublingual nitroglycerin
32
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (first-line)
33
Buerger disease
Smoking cessation
34
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Cyclophosphamide
| Corticosteroids
35
Kawasaki disease
IVIG
| High-dose aspirin
36
Temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
37
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class 1b antiarrhythmic (Lidocaine, Mexiletine)
38
Pheochromocytoma
a-antagonists (eg: phenoxybenzamine)
39
Prolactinoma
Cabergoline/bromocriptine (DA agonists)
40
Diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (central)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indomethacin
Amiloride (nephrogenic)
41
SIADH
Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline
42
DM 1
Dietary intervention (low carb) + insulin replacement
43
DM 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin if refractory
44
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
45
Carcinoid syndrome
Octreotide
46
Crohn's disease
1. Corticosteroids
2. Infliximab
3. Azathioprine
47
UC
4-ASA preparations (eg: mesalamine)
6-mercaptopurine
Infliximab
Colectomy
48
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
49
Sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea (increases fetal Hb)
50
CML
Imatinib
51
APML (M3)
All-trans retinoic acid
52
Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy
Heparin
53
Heparin reversal
Protamine sulfate
54
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
55
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
56
Warfarin reversal
```
Fresh frozen plasma (acute)
Vitamin K (non-acute)
```
57
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
58
HER2/neu+ breast cancer
Trastuzumab
59
Osteoporosis
```
Ca+2/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis)
Bisphosphonates
PTH analogs
SERMs
Calcitonin
Denosumab
```
60
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vit D supplementation
61
Chronic gout
XO inhibitors:
- Allopurinol
- Febuxostat
- Pegloticase
- Probenecid
62
Acute gout attack
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Glucocorticoids
63
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
64
Migraine
Abortive therapies:
- Sumatriptan
- NSAIDs
Prophylaxis:
- Proproanolol
- Topiramate
- CCBs
- Amitryptyline
65
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Carbamazepine
66
MS
Longer term:
- B-IFN
- Natalizumab
Acute:
- IV steroids
67
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
1. Tabes dorsalis 3~ syphyllis
| 2. Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts)
68
Tonic-clonic seizures
1. Levetiracetam
2. Phenytoin
3. Valproate
4. Carbamazepine
69
Absence seizures
Ethosuximide
70
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
71
Anorexia
Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine "Mirta Blat always helped the anorexic hs students enjoy Latin cuisine"
72
Bulimia nervosa
SSRIs
73
Alcoholism
1. Disulfiram
2. Acamprosite
3. Naltrexone
4. Supportive care
74
ADHD
1. Methylphenidate
2. Amphetamines
3. CBT
4. Atomoxetine
5. Guanfacine
6. Clonidine
75
Alcohol withdrawal
Long-acting benzos
76
Bipolar disorder
Mood stabilizers:
- Lithium
- Valproic acid
- Carbamazepine
Atypical antipsychotics
77
Depression
SSRIs
78
GAD
SSRIs, SNRIs, Buspirone (2nd line)
79
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
Typical and atypical antipsychotics
80
Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
81
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
a1-antagonists
5a-reductase inhibitors
PDE-5 inhibitors
82
Infertility
Leuprolide
Pulsatile GnRH
Clomiphene
83
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
84
ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
85
Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
86
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
87
Prostate adenocarcinoma
Flutamide
88
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil
89
Pulmonary arterial HTN (idiopathic)
Sildenafil
Bosentan
Epoprostenol
