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NBME > Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

Provide the appropriate treatment for the given condition

1
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrazole)

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2
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

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3
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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4
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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5
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

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6
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA, infliximab

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7
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX]; (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

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8
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha antagonists (e.g. phenoxybenzamine)

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9
Q

Sporothrix schenkii

A

Oral potassium chloride

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10
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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11
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonist

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12
Q

Ringworm infections

A

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

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13
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)

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14
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)

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15
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

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16
Q

Prostate carcinoma

A

Flutamide

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17
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

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18
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Ganciclovir

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-alpha

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21
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

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22
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

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23
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

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24
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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25
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea confection), erythomycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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26
Q

HER2/neu-positive breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

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27
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5-HT2A antagonists (e.g. second generation antipsychotics)

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28
Q

Entercocci

A

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

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29
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

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30
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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31
Q

Wegner’s granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

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32
Q

Bulimia

A

SSRIs

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33
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid [INH], pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

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34
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octeotride

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35
Q

Influenza

A

Rimantadine, oseltamivir

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36
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (possible)

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37
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)

38
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, vardenafil

39
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

40
Q

Heparin toxicity (acute)

A

Protamine sulfate

41
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low-sugar) + insulin replacement

42
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

43
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

44
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

45
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

46
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

47
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

48
Q

Clostridium botulinum

49
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasm (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

50
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

51
Q

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer

52
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indeomethacin

53
Q

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

54
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)

55
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

56
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

57
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (e.g. first and second generation antipsychotics)

58
Q

Malaria

A

Choloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schiznot), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

59
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

60
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (liocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

61
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)

62
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

63
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

64
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

65
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

66
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

67
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

68
Q

Leigonella pneumophila

A

Erythromycin

69
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine/cabergoline (dopamine agonists)

70
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

71
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

72
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

73
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

74
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicllins); MRSA: vancomycin

75
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

76
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

77
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

78
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

79
Q

Buerger’s disease

A

Smoking cessation

80
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

81
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine

82
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab

83
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

84
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab

85
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

86
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

AA and disulfiram for patients; AA for family

87
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin, finasteride

88
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation

89
Q

Migraine

A

Sumatriptan

90
Q

Anorexia

91
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

NBME (5 decks)

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