Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards by Jonathan Wolfson

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

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ADHD

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

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Alcohol withdrawal

Long acting benzodiazepines

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Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

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Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB anti-arrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (eg lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

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Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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Carcinoid syndrome

Octreotide

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

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Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Imatinib

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

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CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

Depression

SSRIs (first-line)

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Diabetic keotacidosis

Fluids, insulin, potassium

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

Heparin

Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenecillins/cephalosporins

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

ER + breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

HER2/neu + breast cancer

Trastuzumab

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first line)

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Influenza

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

Kawasaki disease

IVIG, high dose aspirin

Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (eg azithromycin)

Long-term anticoagulation

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for bloodschizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Medical abortion

Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

Multiple sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapies (eg β-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Neisseria gonorrhoae

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Osteoporosis

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Patent ductus arteriosus

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Pheochromocytoma

α-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Flutamide

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Rickettsia ricketsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

SIADH

Fluid retention, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Sickle cell disease

Hydroxyurea (⬆️ fetal hemoglobin)

Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

Temporal arteritis

High dose steroids

Tonic-clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Treponema pallidum

Penicillin

Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Trigeminal neuralgia(tic douloreuz)

Carbamazepine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Warfarin reversal

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide