1. Topical azoles (vaginitis); 2. Nystatin, Fluconazole, Caspofungin (oral/esophageal); 3.Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B (systemic)

1. Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont) 2. Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Classic / relavent treatment Flashcards by Tal Montekio

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); Ribavirin, Simeprevir, Sofosbuvir (HCV)

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Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

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Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Mucosal infections: Amoxicillin ± Clavulanate.
Meningitis: Ceftriaxone
Prophylaxis: Rifampin

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

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Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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Treponema pallidum

Penicillin G

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

Oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in
infants

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); 2. Nystatin, Fluconazole,
Caspofungin (oral/esophageal);
3.Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B (systemic)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine,

2. Maintenance with Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole,

oral potassium iodide

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Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm3)

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Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for
blood schizont)
Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia),

vancomycin (meningitis)

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Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
(antistaphylococcal penicillins);
MRSA: vancomycin,
daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; | If refractory, Oral vancomycin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Influenza

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Patent ductus arteriosus

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

Kawasaki disease

IVIG, aspirin

Temporal arteritis

High-dose steroids

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first-line)

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate (e.g. Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate)

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Pheochromocytoma

alpha-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, | indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

SIADH

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Fluids, insulin, K+

Diabetes mellitus type 1

``` Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement ```

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Carcinoid syndrome

Octreotide

Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

Sickle cell disease

Hydroxyurea (inc. fetal hemoglobin)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Imatinib

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

Drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy or renal | failure

Low-molecular-weight heparin

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Long-term anticoagulation

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

Warfarin reversal

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

HER2/neu (+) breast cancer

Trastuzumab

Osteoporosis

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); Bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); | Pegloticase; Probenecid

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Migraine

1. Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); | 2. Prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

Multiple sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, beta-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

Tonic-clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Carbamazepine

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs

Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

Alcohol withdrawal

Long-acting benzodiazepines

Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

Depression

SSRIs (first-line)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

alpha-1-antagonists, | 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

ER (+) breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Prostate adenocarcinoma / uterine fibroids

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Medical abortion

Mifepristone

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Flutamide

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol