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First Aid - Rapid Review > Classic / relavent treatment > Flashcards

Classic / relavent treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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2
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); Ribavirin, Simeprevir, Sofosbuvir (HCV)

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3
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

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4
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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6
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A
  1. Mucosal infections: Amoxicillin ± Clavulanate.
  2. Meningitis: Ceftriaxone
  3. Prophylaxis: Rifampin
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7
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

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8
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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9
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

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10
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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11
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

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12
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

Oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in
infants

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13
Q

Candida albicans

A
  1. Topical azoles (vaginitis); 2. Nystatin, Fluconazole,
    Caspofungin (oral/esophageal);
    3.Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B (systemic)
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14
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A
  1. Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine,

2. Maintenance with Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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15
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole,

oral potassium iodide

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16
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm3)

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17
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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18
Q

Malaria

A
  1. Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for
    blood schizont)
  2. Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
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19
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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20
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

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21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia),

vancomycin (meningitis)

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22
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
(antistaphylococcal penicillins);
MRSA: vancomycin,
daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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23
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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24
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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25
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole;

If refractory, Oral vancomycin

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26
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

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27
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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28
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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29
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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30
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

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31
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

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32
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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33
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, aspirin

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34
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

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35
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

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36
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

37
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate (e.g. Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate)

38
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

39
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

40
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

41
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide,

indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

42
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline

43
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

44
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A 
Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin
replacement
45
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

46
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

47
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

48
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine),
6-mercaptopurine,
infliximab, colectomy

49
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (inc. fetal hemoglobin)

50
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

A

Imatinib

51
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

52
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy or renal

failure

A

Low-molecular-weight heparin

53
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

54
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

55
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

56
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

57
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

58
Q

HER2/neu (+) breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis);
Bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin,
denosumab (treatment)

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat);

Pegloticase; Probenecid

62
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

63
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

64
Q

Migraine

A
  1. Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs);

2. Prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

65
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, beta-interferon, natalizumab);
for acute flares, use IV steroids

66
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

67
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

68
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

69
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

70
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs

71
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

72
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

73
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

74
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

75
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid,
carbamazepine),
atypical antipsychotics

76
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

77
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

78
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

79
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

80
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

81
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha-1-antagonists,

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

82
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

83
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

84
Q

ER (+) breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

85
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma / uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

86
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

87
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

88
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

89
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

First Aid - Rapid Review (4 decks)

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