Classic Presentations I Flashcards
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
Arachnodactyly,
lens dislocation,
aortic dissection,
hyperflexible joints
Marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Pott’s disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Paget’s disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s phenomenon in a young female
SLE
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington’s disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [MS]; unilateral [stroke])
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [MSM]; associated w/ HHV8)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism/malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles (Morbillivirus)
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Hyperreflexia hypertonia, Babinksi sign presnt
UMN damage
Hyporreflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations
LMN damage
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis, hyperplasia of mucous cells)
Large rash with bull’s eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia).
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
Neonate with arm paralysis following a difficult birth
Erb-Duchenna palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: waiter’s tip)
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
MS
Painful blue fingers/toes hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
Raynaud’s phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Pink puffer (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency])
Positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
Pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules and plaques
Lichen planus
Ptosis. miosis, anhidrosis
Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillain Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathy
Red currant jelly sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patient
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Parkinson’s disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener’s syndrome ( dyne in arm defect affecting cilia)
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue-white centers
Koplik spots (muscles; rubeola virus)
Sudden swollen.painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency; can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
Bouchard’s nodules
osteophytes on PIP
Heberden’s nodules
osteophytes on DIP
Swollen, hard painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP and DIP)
Toe extension/fanning on plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
Worst headache of my life
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
