Classic Presentations - Cardiovascular Flashcards
Tight chest pain on exertion or emotional stress, radiating to the jaw and/or arms that is relieved by rest
Stable angina
A patient with a diagnosis of angina experiences angina-like pain at rest which GTN is not effective at relieving
Unstable angina
A patient with a history of hypertension experiences new onset, severe chest pain that radiates to arm/jaw
MI
A patient with a history of ischemic heart disease has exertional dyspnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, orthopnoea, raised JVP, ankle oedema and late, high-pitched inspiratory and expiratory crackles at the base of the lungs
Congestive heart failure
A patient with a history of IHD has been experiencing breathlessness, fatigue and ankle swelling.
On auscultation, they are found to have a pansystolic murmur, heard best at the apex with the diaphragm of the stethoscope when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus position
Mitral regurgitation
An older patient has been experiencing breathlessness, dizziness and chest pain.
On auscultation they are found to have an ejection systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids
Aortic stenosis
A patient with a history of childhood rheumatic fever is experiencing breathlessness on exertion, fatigue, palpitations and malar flush.
On auscultation they are found to have mid-diastolic rumbling
Mitral stenosis
A patient with a history of connective tissue disorders and ulcerative colitis experiences breathlessness, chest pain and dizziness.
On examination they have a collapsing pulse, a displaced apex and an early diastolic murmur can be heard
Aortic regurgitation
A PWID with bad teeth presents with breathlessness, fever, fatigue and weight loss
Infective endocarditis
A patient with a history of IHD reports pain in their legs while walking. On examination, their legs are pale and hairless
Intermittent claudication
A patient with a history of IHD presents with a painful leg that is pale, tingling (paraesthesia), paralysed and (perishingly) cold
Acute lower limb ischemia
A patient presents with sudden, excruciating pain that radiates to the back and collapse
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
A patient presents with a unilateral, red, swollen, painful leg
DVT
A patient with varicose veins presents with pain, tenderness, redness and swelling
Thrombophlebitis
A few weeks after birth a baby is found to be failing to thrive and and become sweaty and tachypnoeic with feeds. On auscultation, a pansystolic murmur can be heard
Ventricular Septal Defect
A 40 year old woman presents with decreased exercise tolerance, easy fatigability, palpitations, and dyspnoea. On examination she is found to have a RV heave and a pulmonary mid-systolic murmur
Atrial septal defect
A baby in relatively good health a few days/weeks after birth presents with dyspnoea, tachycardia, a bounding pulse and a machine gun murmur on auscultation
Patent ductus arteriosus
A male baby presents with breathing difficulties, poor appetite and failure to thrive. As he grows older he develops headaches, nosebleeds, fatigue, and diminished lower limb pulses. On CXR, rib-notching is seen
Coarctation of the aorta
A child whose mother used alcohol/had diabetes/was >40/had rubella during pregnancy, develops cyanosis, difficulty breathing or loosing consciousness during crying or bowel movements
Tetralogy of Fallot
A baby is born cyanosed and dies soon after
Transposition of the great vessels
A teenager playing football suddenly drops dead. What is the most likely cause?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A patient presents with heart failure, excessive fatigue, arrythmias and a history of thromboembolism
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What genetic cardiac condition is asymptomatic in its early stages but can cause syncope, ventricular arrhythmias and RHF in the later stages?
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
What genetic heart condition can cause heart failure symptoms + hepatic enlargement and ascites
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
A young man who has just had a viral infection presents with shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain and loss of consciousness
Myocarditis
A young man experiences a fever, shortness of breath, nausea and chest pain that’s worse on lying down and better on learning forward.
Pericarditis
