Classic Presentations Flashcards
A patient having a miscarriage develops cramps, N&V, sweating and fainting
Cervical shock - resolves when products are removed
A <20 weeks pregnant patient presents with abdo pain and vaginal bleeding but on USS the os is closed
Threatened miscarriage
A <20 weeks pregnant patient presents with abdo pain and vaginal bleeding and on USS products are sited at the os
Inevitable miscarriage
A <20 weeks pregnant patient presents with abdo pain and vaginal bleeding and on USS only parts of the pregnancy are still in the uterus
Incomplete miscarriage
A <20 weeks pregnant patient presents with abdo pain and vaginal bleeding and on USS the uterus is empty
Complete miscarriage
A <20 weeks pregnant patient presents with abdo pain and vaginal bleeding and on USS there is a pregnancy in-situ with no heartbeat
Early fetal demise
A USS of a pregnant woman shows no fetus and an empty sac
Anembryonic pregnancy
A woman with a positive pregnancy test presents with abdominal and shoulder tip pain, minor vaginal bleeding, dizziness, pallor, guarding and rebound tenderness
Ectopic pregnancy
On USS, a pregnant woman with hyperemesis and fundus>dates is seen to have a snowstorm appearance of the uterus
Compete molar pregnancy
10 days post ovulation a sexually active woman presents with minor, light brown bleeding
Implantation bleeding - bleeding from fertilised egg when it implants in the uterine wall (usually settles and pregnancy continues)
On the USS of a woman with a threatened miscarriage, blood between the endometrium and embryo is seen
Chorionic haematoma
A pregnant woman presents with severe, continuous abdominal pain, a woody hard uterus and abnormal heart/irritable uterus on CTG
Placental abruption
A woman >24 weeks pregnant presents with painless bleeding and a soft uterus with a high presenting part. On USS the placenta is covering the internal os
Placenta praevia
A woman who has had a previous c-section and now has placenta praevia overlying the uterine scar experiences a severe PPH
Placenta accreta - a morbidly adherent placenta
A labouring woman who has had previous c-sections develops severe abdominal and shoulder tip pain, PV bleeding, peritonism and loss of contractions. The presenting part rises and the CTG shows fetal distress
Uterine rupture
A woman in late pregnancy experiences her waters breaking with sudden dark read bleeding. CTG shows fetal distress/death
Vasa previa - unprotected fetal vessels traverse the membranes below the presenting part over the internal cervical os
The newborn baby of a rhesus -ve mother develops severe jaundice / kernicterus (bilirubin induced brain dysfunction)
Rhesus disease / haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN)
A pregnant woman in her first trimester experiences excessive vomiting
Hyperemesis gravidarum
A pregnant woman presents with hypertension and swelling of the hands/face. Urinalysis shows protein
Pre-eclampsia
A woman in her last 3 months of pregnancy with pre-eclampsia develops general discomfort, severe abdominal pain, N&V, backache, headache/visual issues. Blood tests show haemolytic anaemia, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets
• HELLP Syndrome – Haemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets
A pregnant teenager presents with tonic-clonic seizure. She has no history of epilepsy but has hypertension and proteinuria on urinalysis
Eclampsia
3-10 days after giving birth, the mother begins exhibiting signs of depression
Baby blues
On weeks 1-6 after birth, the mother begins exhibiting signs of depression, estrangement from her baby and thoughts of parental inadequacy
Post-natal depression
A pregnant woman pallor, tachycardia, sweating, nausea, hypotension and dizziness while lying on her back
Aortocaval compression
A pregnant patient is found to be large for dates, with through investigation is shown to be due to excessive amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios
A premature baby experiences respiratory distress, worse at days 2-4
Respiratory distress syndrome
A newborn experiences feeding intolerance and failure to thrive, increased gastric residuals, abdominal distension and bloody stools
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
A newborn whose parents are known carriers of CF hasn’t pooed within 48hrs of birth
Meconium Ileus - meconium secretion is abnormal and doesn’t pass
A newborn vomits 7-8 hours after the first feed and develops abdominal distension as time goes on
Intestinal atresia - any congenital malformation of the structure of the intestine that causes bowel obstruction
A newborn vomits green bile
Malrotation
Obese woman (at either extreme of reproductive life) with menorrhagia and irregular periods
Anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Woman aged 35-45 with regular periods and menorrhagia
Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding
A woman has chronic abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and vaginal discharge
Pelvic inflammatory disease
A woman presents with pelvic pain, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, painful urination and defecation during menstruation and N&V/constipation/diarrhoea/blood in the urine during menstruation
Endometriosis
On examination of a woman with abnormal uterine bleeding, premenstrual pain, dysparenunia and subfertility, you feel a tender mass with nodularity and tenderness behind the uterus
Endometritis
What gynecological condition must you rule out in a non-pregnant woman presenting with acute onset of lower abdominal pain, followed by nausea and vomiting
Ovarian torsion
A woman presents with an intensely itchy vagina with cottage cheese like, odourless white discharge and pain while urinating
Candida/thrush
A woman presents with bubbly discharge that smells like fish
Bacterial vaginosis
A man presents with mild, milky discharge from the penis and dysuria
Chlamydia
A man presents with purulent, green discharge and dysuria
Gonorrhoea
A man presents with a painless lesion on the penis
Syphilis stage 1
A man presents with a rash on his palms/soles/snail track mouth ulcers/lymphadenopathy/flu-like symptoms/patchy alopecia
Syphilis stage 2
A patient presents with painful, shallow ulcers on the genitals that are easily deroofed
Genital herpes
A patient presents with fever/maculopapular rash/myalgia/pharyngitis/aseptic meningitis
Primary HIV
A woman presents with smooth, discrete, free-moving lumps and sudden pain that follows the menstrual cycle
Fibrocystic change
A woman presents with a painless, firm, discrete, mobile mass in the brease
Fibroadenoma
A breastfeeding mother presents with a painless lump
Galactocele
A woman who has just been in a car accident presents with breast lumps
Fat necrosis
A woman who smokes presents with breast pain and green purulent discharge
Duct ectasia
A breastfeeding mother presents with red, inflamed breasts
Acute mastitis
