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4th Year General Surgery > Classic Presentations > Flashcards

Classic Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

White plaques on the oral mucosa which can be rubbed off with a painless, red base underneath​

A

Oral candidiasis

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2
Q

Raised, sharply defined white patches found on the oral mucosa which cannot be rubbed off​

A

Leukoplakia

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3
Q

Raised, sharply defined red patches found on the oral mucosa which cannot be rubbed off​

A

Erythroplakia

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4
Q

40 year old presents with numerous “finger like” projections in and around the mouth

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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5
Q

55 year old smoker develops a non-healing ulcer on his lip

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

Slow growing, painless, firm single nodular mass over the parotid gland

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

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7
Q

Colicky, postprandial pain and swelling​ in the mouth

A

Salivary gland stone

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8
Q

Red, smooth and sore tongue

A

Glossitis

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9
Q

Obese patient presents with burning in the chest that is exacerbated by bending/lying down, acid reflux and nocturnal cough

A

GORD

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10
Q

Adult patient presents with intermittent dyspagia and regurgitation of undigested food, especially at night

A

Achalasia

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11
Q

20 year old presents with haematemesis following a night out

A

Mallory-Weiss tear

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12
Q

A 65 year old, male heavy drinker and smoker who has previously been diagnosed with Barrets oesophagus presents with progressive dysphagia, weight loss and lymphadenopathy

A

Oesophageal cancer

  • Squamous cell carcinoma = related to diet and smoking
  • Adenocarcinoma = associated with Barrett’s oesophagus​
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13
Q

Patient with known liver disease presents with violent haematemesis

A

Oesophageal varices

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14
Q

50 year old presents with heartburn, acid reflux, bad breath, nausea and dysphagia

A

Hiatus hernia

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15
Q

Patient presents with early satiety, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, bloating, abdo pain and loss of appetite

A

Gastroparesis

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16
Q

Postprandial epigastric pain, relieved by food + nausea, bloating, belching

A

Duodenal ulcer

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17
Q

Postprandial epigastric pain worsened by food + nausea, bloating, belching

A

Gastric ulcer

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18
Q

60 year old male presents with epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, anorexia and weight loss

A

Gastric cancer - mainly adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

60 year old presents with dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort, gastric bleeding, fatigue, low-grade fevers, nausea, constipation, weight loss, anaemia & recurrent RTIs

A

Gastric lymphoma

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20
Q

Periumbilical pain (usually vaguely in centre of abdomen) which eventually moves and becomes localized in the RIF in the first few hours + nausea, vomiting & anorexia

A

Appendicitis

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21
Q

30 year old woman with non-specific symptoms such as diarrhoea/steatorrhoea, abdo pain, angular stomatitis/mouth ulcers and weight loss +/- an itchy, symmetrical rash on the scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows and knees

A

Coeliac disease

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22
Q

60 year old with a past medical history of AF presents with moderate-to-severe colicky or constant and poorly localised pain out of proportion to physical signs

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia

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23
Q

60 year old with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia presents with postprandial pain which is moderate-to-severe colicky or constant poorly localised pain + weight loss and a fear of eating​

A

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

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24
Q

70 year old with a history of atherosclerosis and arrhythmia presents with severe left iliac fossa pain, bloody stool and nausea and vomiting

A

Ischemic colitis

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25
Q

Lump which is worst on coughing, disappears when lying down, and can be pushed back in​

A

Hernia

26
Q

Patient presents with severe diffuse colicky abdominal pain, EARLY vomiting, LATE constipation and decreased tinkling bowel sounds​

A

Small bowel obstruction

27
Q

A patient with a history of peptic ulcers presents with acute abdominal pain and guarding, rigidity, fever and tachycardia

A

Peritonitis

28
Q

A patient post-op for abdominal surgery presents with lack of bowel movements and absent bowel sounds

A

Ilius

29
Q

May present with rectal bleeding/diarrhoea/abdominal pain/mucous discharge​ but are most often incidental findings on colonoscopy

A

Colonic polyps (adenoms)

30
Q

A 60 year old man presents with tiredness (shown on bloods to be caused be caused by anaemia) and weight loss

A

Colorectal cancer -majority are adenocarcinomas

31
Q

A 70 year old obese patient presents with non-specific left sided lower abdominal pain and no other symptoms or concerning factors

A

Diverticular disease (symptomatic diverticulosis)

32
Q

An obese older patient presents with LIF pain (exacerbated by eating and diminished by defecation or flatus), constipation and pyrexia

A

Diverticulitis

33
Q

Patient presents with severe diffuse colicky abdominal pain, LATE vomiting, EARLY constipation and tinkling bowel sounds​

A

Large bowel obstruction

34
Q

An elderly patient presents with sudden onset colicky lower abdominal pain with gross abdominal distension and a failure to pas either flatus or stool + tympanic abdomen on examination​

A

Volvulus (either sigmoid or caecal)

35
Q

A classic appendicitis patient presents with RIF pain and fever but when you operate the appendix is fine - what else can mimic appendicitis

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

36
Q

2 year old presents with watery diarrhoea, pyrexia and vomiting. Similar symptoms have been occurring in other children in their nursery

A

Rotavirus

37
Q

Normally fit and healthy adult presents with diarrhoea and explosive vomiting + pyrexia during the winter

A

Noravirus

38
Q

Patient presents with watery diarrhoea and abdominal cramps or nausea and vomiting 1-6 hours after eating leftover curry from the night before

A

Gastroenteritis caused by bacillus cereus

39
Q

Patient presents with nausea, explosive vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, headache, weakness and diarrhoea 1-6 hours after eating funny tasting cheese

A

Gastroenteritis caused by staph aureus

40
Q

Patient presents with bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea, and/or vomiting 2-14 days after eating undercooked meat and raw milk

A

Gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter

41
Q

Patient presents with diarrhoea, fever, abdominal cramps and vomiting 12-48 hours after eating a dish containing raw eggs and pink chicken

A

Gastroenteritis caused by salmonella

42
Q

Patient presents with intense abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea but no fever or vomiting 12-48 hours after eating food that was left to sit for a few hours before being eaten

A

Gastroenteritis caused by clostridium perfringens

43
Q

Patient presents with bloody diarrhoea and stomach cramps 2-14 days after going to a petting zoo

A

Gastroenteritis caused by E. coli 0157

44
Q

5-10 days after a child presents with with abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea and a mild fever, they begin to develop blood in the urine with a decreased urine output and anaemia

A

Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (often after E. coli 0157 infection)

45
Q

A patient presents with diarrhoea containing blood and mucus + abdominal cramps and high fever after changing the nappy of a baby with similar symptoms

A

Shigellosis (caused by shigella) - also called dysentery

46
Q

A 27 year old patient presents with long standing abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and weight loss =/- mouth ulcers

A

Chron’s disease

47
Q

A 35 year old patient presents with long-standing bloody diarrhoea + mucus, increased bowel frequency and urgency, tenesmus and weight loss

A

Ulcerative colitis

48
Q

22 year old woman presents with abdominal pain, bloating, mucus in stool and feeling of incomplete emptying for several months. She has a PMH of anxiety

A

IBS

49
Q

Patient presents with anal pain on defecation and some fresh blood

A

Anal fissures

50
Q

Patient presents with perianal pain and bleeding, faecal incontinence and a palpable mass

A

Anal cancer

51
Q

Patient presents with painless fresh bleeding on defecation

A

Haemorrhoids

52
Q

An IVDU patient presents with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite and RUQ pain +/- jaundice

A

Hepatitis

53
Q

A 25 year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes (or other autoimmune conditions) who is taking the pill begins feeling tired and generally unwell, has muscle pain, low appetite, bloating, diarrhoea, nausea and puritius

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

54
Q

A patient with a history of alcohol excess presents with persistent fatigue, malaise, RUQ pain and hepatomegaly​

A

Alcoholic fatty liver disease

55
Q

An obese, diabetic patient without a history of alcohol excess presents with persistent fatigue, malaise, RUQ pain and hepatomegaly​

A

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

56
Q

Patient with known liver disease presents with oedema, ascites, easy bruising, poor concentration and memory, bleeding oesophageal varices, jaundice, pruritis, spider naevi, bruising, finger clubbing and hepatomegaly​

​

A

Cirrhosis

57
Q

A patient with known cirrhosis begins to have increased jaundice, ascites and RUQ pain and starts to lose weight. Radiology shows a mass in the liver

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

58
Q

A 45 year old woman with a history of gallstones, thyroid disease, and Crohn’s disease​presents with fatigue, puritis and RUQ pain

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

59
Q

A patient with ulcerative colitis presents with tiredness and abdominal discomfort with abnormal LFTs that eventually leads to itching, jaundice and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

60
Q

A patient who works in the aviation industry and used to work in the rubber industry presents with jaundice, weight loss, RUQ pain, pruritis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and a palpable gallbladder​

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

61
Q

A 55 year old woman presents with fatigue, weight loss, weakness, joint pain, hepatomegaly, hypothyroidism and a slate grey or bronze appearance

A

Haemachromatosis

62
Q

A 19 year old presents with a dramatic personality change, signs of liver disease and Kayser-fleisher rings

A

Wilson’s disease

4th Year General Surgery (1 decks)

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