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RAPID REVIEW - BOARDS > Classic Presentations > Flashcards

Classic Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Back pain
Fever
Night sweats

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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2
Q

Cherry-red spots on macular

A

Tay-Sachs (no HSM; ganglioside accumulation)
Niemann-Pick (HSM; sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion

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3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Edema
Alcoholism/malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [B1] deficiency)

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4
Q

Bounding pulses
Wide pulse pressure
Diastolic heart murmur
Head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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5
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

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6
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury

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7
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type II; LDL defect)

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8
Q

Chest pain
Pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI (2 weeks to several months)

A 
Dressler syndrome 
(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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9
Q

Arachnodactyly
Lens dislocation (upward)
Aortic dissection
Hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome

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10
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy

MC: Duchenne (X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

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11
Q 
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Desquamating rash
Coronary aneurysms
Red conjunctivae and tongue
Hand-foot changes
A

Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

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12
Q

Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

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13
Q

Abdominal pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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14
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Secondary to EPO injection

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15
Q

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalys
Intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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16
Q

Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Arthritis

A

Sjorgren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

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17
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

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18
Q

Episodic vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

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19
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Uveitis
Noncaseating granulomas

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Black eschar on face of patient with DKA

A

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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21
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina:
Stable - moderate exertion
Unstable - minimal exertion/at rest

22
Q

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [B3] deficiency)

23
Q

Bone pain
Bone enlargement
Arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone

increased osteoclastic then blastic activity

24
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Lead poisoning (Burton line)

25
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage/insufficiency
Hypotension
DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

26
Q

Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus
Close - indomethacin
Keep open - PGE analogs

27
Q

Chest pain with ST depression on EKG

A

Unstable angina: (-) troponin

NSTEMI: (+) troponin

28
Q

Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss

A

B symptoms of lymphoma

29
Q

Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Followed by diffuse rash

A

Measles

30
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

31
Q

Chorea
Dementia
Caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (AD - CAG repeat expansion)

32
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gower’s sign)

33
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

DKA (Kussmaul respirations)

34
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema caused by hypothyroidism, Grave’s disease (peritibial)

35
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs)
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

Erythroderma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegly
Atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

or

Sezary syndrome
(mycosis fungoides + malignant T-cells in blood)

37
Q

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Leukocytosis
Recent antibiotic use

A

Clostridium difficiline infection

38
Q 
Cafe-au-lait spots
Lisch nodules (irin hamartoma)
Cutaneous neurofibromas 
Pheochromocytomas
Optic glioma
A

Neurofibromatotis type I

39
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy

Horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral

40
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)

41
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

42
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

43
Q

Bilateral acoustic scwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

44
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

45
Q

Elastic skin
Hypermobility of joints
Increased bleeding tendency

A

Ehlers-Danlose syndrome:
Type V collagen defect (MC)
Type III collagen defect (vascular subtype)

46
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral with ragged edges)
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Precocious puberty
Multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome

mosaic G-protein signaling mutation

47
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

48
Q

Cutaneous flushing
Diarrhea
Bronchospasm

A

Carcinoid syndrome

right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA

49
Q

Young female with:
Butterfly facial rash
Raynaud phenomenon

A

SLE

50
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A 
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Parvovirus B19
51
Q

Fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin-like release)

RAPID REVIEW - BOARDS (1 decks)

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