Classic Presentations Flashcards
Ab pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis
Recent antibiotic use
C.diff infection
Achilles’ tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decrease in LDL signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypoTN, DIC w N. meningitidis
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
IgA deficiency
Positive anterior drawer sign
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyper flexible joints
Marfan syndrome (defective fibrin)
Athlete with polycythemia
Secondary to EPO injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral acoustic shwannomas
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Black eschar on face of pt with diabetic ketoacidosis
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva
Burton line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Paget disease of the bone (increase osteoblast and -clast activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
Aortic regurgitation
Butterfly malar rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female
Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hemartoma)
Cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Ab pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Absent JVD, mottled/nutmeg liver
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostic fibrous dysplasia
Precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf Pseudoypertrophy
Muscular Dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to x-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash
Coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue
Kawasaki disease (treat w IVIG and aspirin)
“Cherry red spots” on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion
angina (stable = w moderate exertion, unstable = w minimal exertion or at rest)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis; 2-12wks after acute episode
Chest pain w ST-depressions on EKG
Unstable angina (troponins -) or NSTEMI (troponins +)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy)
Child w fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body
“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectosium/fifth disease:parvovirus B19)
Chorea (jerky, involuntary movements), dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CA repeat expansion)
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Chronic exercise intolerance w myalgia, fatigue
painful cramps and myoglobinuria
McArdle Disease (Type V: skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur
PDA (close w indomethacin; open/maintain w PGE)
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroid; Graves disease [pretibial])
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA)
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated w HHV-8
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin [Vit B3] deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamin [Vit B1] deficiency)
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, Iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
Elastic skin, hypermobile joints, increased bleeding tendency
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype)
Enlarged , hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Meniere disease
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatospenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for Syphillis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza (rhinitis), diffuse rash
Measles
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis w abnormal curvature
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI)
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoperosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
