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classic labs/findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA

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5
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

vasculitis (c-ANCA-granulomatis with polyangitis [Wegner’s] ; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

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6
Q

antinuclear antiboies (ANA:anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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7
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

ITP

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8
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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9
Q

anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

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10
Q

apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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11
Q

azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type )

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12
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: strep pyogenes (group A); resistant: strep agalactiae (group B)

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13
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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14
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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15
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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16
Q

“boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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17
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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18
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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19
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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20
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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21
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

RPGN

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22
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

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23
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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24
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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25
decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
26
degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
27
depigmentation fo neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
28
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
29
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
30
dyslastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
31
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl's eye" appearance of CMV
32
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
"orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
33
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
34
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
35
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
36
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
37
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
38
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
39
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
40
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and w/o embryo)
41
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschof bodies (RF)
42
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
43
hexogonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals : eosinophilic granules)
44
high levels of D-Dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
45
hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB)
46
honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
47
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT's and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
48
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)
49
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome
50
hypochromic microcytic anemia
Fe deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
51
increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
52
increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
53
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
54
Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
55
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
56
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
57
lead pipe appearance of colon on Barium enema x-ray
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
58
linear appearance of IgG deposition on GBM
Goodpasture's syndrome
59
low serum ceroplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
60
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
61
lytic bone lesions on x-ray
multiple myeloma
62
mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
fibrocystic change of breast
63
monoclonal antibody spike
``` multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia primary amyloidosis ```
64
mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring cell (gastric carcinoma)
65
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
string sign (Crohn's disease)
66
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies0
67
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
68
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
69
Novobiocin response
sensitive: staph epidermidis; resistant: staph saprophyticus
70
nutmeg appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to RH failure
71
onion skin peiosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
72
optochin response
sensitive: strep pneumo; resistantn: Viridans strep
73
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular are
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osterosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteromyelitis)
74
podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
75
polished, ivory like appearance at bone cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
76
protein aggregates in nerons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's diseae and Pick's
77
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma fo the endometrium and ovary
78
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
79
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
80
rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cell
Renke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
81
renal epithelial casts in urine
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
82
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
83
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
84
ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
85
sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV. black sky made up of malignant cells)
86
silver staining spherical aggregation fo tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality
87
soap bubble in femur on tibia on x-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (benign)
88
spikes on BM, dome like subepithelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome
89
stacks of RBCs
rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
90
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
91
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organells in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhan cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
93
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
94
tram-track appearance of capillary loops of GBM on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
95
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
96
waxy casts with very low urine flow
chronic end stage renal disease
97
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
98
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
99
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
lupus nephropathy
100
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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