Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

rapid review > classic labs/findings > Flashcards

classic labs/findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

vasculitis (c-ANCA-granulomatis with polyangitis [Wegner’s] ; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antinuclear antiboies (ANA:anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

ITP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: strep pyogenes (group A); resistant: strep agalactiae (group B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

RPGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

depigmentation fo neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dyslastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl’s eye” appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

“orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

“Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and w/o embryo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschof bodies (RF)

42
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

43
Q

hexogonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals : eosinophilic granules)

44
Q

high levels of D-Dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

45
Q

hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB)

46
Q

honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

47
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT’s and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

48
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)

49
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

50
Q

hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

Fe deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

51
Q

increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

52
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

53
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

54
Q

Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

55
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

56
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

57
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on Barium enema x-ray

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

58
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on GBM

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

59
Q

low serum ceroplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

60
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

61
Q

lytic bone lesions on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

62
Q

mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of breast

63
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A 
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
primary amyloidosis
64
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring cell (gastric carcinoma)

65
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

string sign (Crohn’s disease)

66
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies0

67
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

68
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

69
Q

Novobiocin response

A

sensitive: staph epidermidis; resistant: staph saprophyticus

70
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to RH failure

71
Q

onion skin peiosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

72
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: strep pneumo; resistantn: Viridans strep

73
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular are

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osterosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteromyelitis)

74
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

75
Q

polished, ivory like appearance at bone cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

76
Q

protein aggregates in nerons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s diseae and Pick’s

77
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma fo the endometrium and ovary

78
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

79
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

80
Q

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cell

A

Renke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

81
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

acute toxic/viral nephrosis

82
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

83
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

84
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

85
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV. black sky made up of malignant cells)

86
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation fo tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality

87
Q

soap bubble in femur on tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (benign)

88
Q

spikes on BM, dome like subepithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome

89
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

90
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

91
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organells in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhan cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs

93
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

94
Q

tram-track appearance of capillary loops of GBM on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

95
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

96
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

97
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

98
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

99
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

lupus nephropathy

100
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

rapid review (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions