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**RAPID REVIEW** > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anti-centromere Ab

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

anti-GBM Ab

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

anti-histone Ab

A

drug-induced SLE (Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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5
Q

anti-IgG Ab

A

RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

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6
Q

anti-mitochondrial Ab (AMAs)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCAs)

A
  1. microscopic polyangitis -and- eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
  2. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
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8
Q

anti-nuclear Ab (ANA: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type 3 HSR)

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9
Q

anti-platelet Ab

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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10
Q

anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

anti-trans.glutamin.ase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab

A

Celiac dz (diarrhea, weight loss)

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12
Q

“apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

CRC (L-sided)

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13
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S. pyogenes group A
resistant: S. agalactiae group B

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16
Q

“bamboo spine” on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

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17
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (d/t splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumber puncture

A

SAH

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20
Q

“boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (d/t RVH)

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21
Q

branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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23
Q

“brown” tumor of bone

A

HYPER-parathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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25
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

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26
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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27
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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28
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR gene–>fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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29
Q

DEC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

DS or other chromosomal abnormalities

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30
Q

degeneration of dorsal column pathways

A

tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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31
Q

“delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, SVT

A

WPW syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV nodes)

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32
Q

depigmentation of neurons in SN

A

Parkinson dz (basal ganglia d/o; rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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33
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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34
Q

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

35
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoud” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical ca)

36
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

pericardial tamponade

37
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl eye” appearance of CMV

38
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

39
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

40
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

41
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

42
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

43
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

44
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

45
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

46
Q

“hair on end” (“crew cut”) appearance on xray

A

beta-thalassemia, SCD (marrow expansion)

47
Q

hCG elevated

A
  • choriocarcinoma
  • hydatiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
  • multiple pregnancy
48
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

49
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

50
Q

hexagonal, dbl-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

51
Q

high levels of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

52
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

53
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

54
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

55
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

  • B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms
  • folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms
56
Q

HTN, hypo-kalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary HYPER-aldosteronism)

57
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A
  • iron deficiency anemia
  • lead poisoning
  • thalassemia (fetal Hgb sometimes present)
58
Q

INC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A
  • dating error
  • anencephaly
  • spina bifida (NTD)
59
Q

INC uric acid levels

A
  • gout
  • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
  • tumor lysis syndrome
  • loop and thiazide diuretics
60
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

61
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: INC chance of mesothelioma)

62
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

63
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

64
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

65
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)

67
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

PSGN (d/t deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

68
Q

lytic punched out bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

69
Q

mammary gland blue domes cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

70
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A
  • multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
  • monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
71
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

72
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

string sign (Crohn disease)

73
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane Ab)

74
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

75
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

76
Q

Novobiocin response

A
  • sensitive: S. epidermidis

- resistant: S. saprophyticus

77
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver d/t R. HF or Budd-Chiari syndrome

78
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

79
Q

optochin response

A
  • sensitive: S. pneumo

- resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)

80
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on xray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

81
Q

podocyte fusion or effacement on EM

A

Minimal change dz (kid with nephrotic syndrome)

82
Q

polished ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthiritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

83
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)

**RAPID REVIEW** (4 decks)

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