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Step1 > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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3
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug induced SLE (hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

MPO/p: microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)

PR3/c: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, anti-smith and anti ds-DNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purport

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10
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

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12
Q

apple core lesion of barium enema x ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually L)

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13
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML esp promyelocytic type)

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15
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: group A strep (pyogenes)
resistant: group B strep (agalactiae)

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16
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)

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17
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

boot shaped heart on x ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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21
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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23
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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25
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (usually both ovaries)

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27
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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28
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis (auto rec mutation in CFTR gene–> fat soluble vit deficiency and mucus plugs)

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29
Q

low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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30
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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31
Q

delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf Parkinson White syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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32
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantial nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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33
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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34
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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35
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)

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36
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

pericardial tamponade

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37
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions bodies

A

owl eye appearance of CMV

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38
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

orphan annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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39
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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40
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s)

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41
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis

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42
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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43
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

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44
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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45
Q

glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell

A

Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

46
Q

hair on end/crew cut appearance on x ray

A

B thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

47
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatifidiform mole

48
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

49
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

50
Q

hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals, eosinophilic)

51
Q

high level of D dimer

A

DVT, PE, DIC

52
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB, mycobacterium)

53
Q

honeycomb lung on x ray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

54
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocaricinoma of pancreas or lung)

55
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro sympts vs B9 deficiency: no neuro sympts)

56
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)

57
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

58
Q

increased AFT in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spinal bifida (neural tube defects)

59
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazides

60
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

61
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: leads to mesothelioma)

62
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

63
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

64
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis (lost of haustra)

65
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

67
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)

68
Q

lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x ray

A

multiple myeloma

69
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

70
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A

multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein-IgM) macroglobulinemia
primary amyloidosis

71
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

72
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray

A

string sign- Crohn’s

73
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A 
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3/c ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
74
Q

needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

75
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

76
Q

novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus

77
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari syndrome

78
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

79
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: Strep pneumoniae
resistant: viridans streptococci

80
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

81
Q

podoctye fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

82
Q

polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

83
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

84
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

85
Q

pseduopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

86
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

87
Q

rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

88
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

89
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxin)

90
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

psuedogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

91
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

92
Q

ring enchaining brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

93
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t8;14 c myc activation, ass with EB, starry sky of malignant cells)

94
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease, progressive dementia, changes in personality)

95
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

96
Q

spikes on basement membrane, dome like sub epithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

97
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

98
Q

steeple sign on CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

99
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

100
Q

streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

101
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

birbeck granules (Langerhans cell hisitocytosis)

102
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

103
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

104
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x ray

A

epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

105
Q

thryoid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infection)

106
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

107
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

108
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

109
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

110
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (usually B cell)

111
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

112
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (ex bc subarachnoid hemorrhage bc bilirubin from blood breakdown)

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