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First Aid: Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies (antibodies = Ab)

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Ab

A

Drug-induced SLE

hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Ab

A

RA

systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial Ab (AMA)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)

A

vasculitis
(C-ANCA; granulomatosis with polyangiitis - Wegener’s)
(P-ANCA; microscopic polyangiitis - Churg-Stauss)

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8
Q

Antinuclear Ab

ANAs - anti-smith, anti-dsDNA

A

SLE

type III HS

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9
Q

Antiplatelet Ab

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminease/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab

A

Celiac disease

diarrhea, distension, weight loss

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12
Q

“apple core” lesion on ab xray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A 
Auer rods 
(AML; especially promyelocytic (M3) type)
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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S. pyogenes (Group A)
resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

Chronic inflam arthritis: HLA-B27

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants of RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

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17
Q

Howell-jolly bodies are due to…

A

splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

subarchnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

“boot shaped’ heart on xray

A

tetralogy of fallot, RVH

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21
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israeli

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22
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancost tumor

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23
Q

what can pancoast tumor cause

A

compression of sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syn

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or

osteitis fibrosa cystica

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25
Q

what is the reason for the “brown” in “brown” tumor of bone

A

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

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26
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

chagas’ disease

T. cruzi

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27
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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28
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis

frequently involves both ovaries

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29
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer-wright rosettes

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30
Q

where do you see homer-wright rosettes

A

neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma

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31
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis

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32
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive

mutation in CFTR –> fat-soluble vit deficiency and mucous plug

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33
Q

decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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34
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration

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35
Q

what is affected in subacute combined dengenration

A

dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected

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36
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

parkinson’s disease

basal ganglia disorders: rigidity, resting tremors, bradykinesia

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37
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals

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38
Q

where do you find Curschmann’s syndrome

A

bronchial asthma- can result in whorled mucous plugs

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39
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies

granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

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40
Q

dyplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes

HPV- predisposes to cervical cancer

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41
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl’s eye” of CMV

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42
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie’s eye” nuclei

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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43
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory bodies (alcohol liver disease)

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44
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

lewy body (parkinson’s disease)

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45
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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46
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cell

A

negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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47
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques

Alzheimer’s disease

48
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

49
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)

50
Q

“hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on xray

A

B-Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

51
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

52
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

53
Q

heterophile Ab

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

54
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

55
Q

high level of D-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

56
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex

57
Q

When is Ghon complex formed/found

A

primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli

58
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

59
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome

60
Q

Trousseau’s syndrome is found …

A

adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung

61
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A 
megaloblastic anemia
(b12 def - neurologic symptoms;
folate def - no neurologic sympt)
62
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

63
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron def, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

64
Q

increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural defect)

65
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

66
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies (HSV and CMV)

67
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveloar septum

A 
Ferruginous bodies
(asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
68
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

69
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi

congenital failure of phagolysosome formation

70
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema xray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

71
Q

linear appearnce of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

goodpasture’s syndrome

72
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

73
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

74
Q

what is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b

75
Q

lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

76
Q

mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

77
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A 
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS - normal consquence of aging
waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia)
primary amyloidosis
78
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nuclues

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

79
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

“string sign” (Crohn’s)

80
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener’s - c-ANCA)

Goodpasture’s (Anti-basement membrane Ab)

81
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

82
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson (diabetic nephropathy)

83
Q

novobiosin response

A

sensitive: S. epi
resistant: S. sapro

84
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver d/t right heart failure

85
Q

“onion skin” periosteal rxn

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

86
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: S. pneumoniae
resistant: Viridans Strep.

87
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

88
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

89
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (OA resulting in bony sclerosis)

90
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A 
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
91
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

92
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

93
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis (post-strep)

94
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

95
Q

renal epithelial cast in urine

A

acute toxic/viral nephrosis

96
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

97
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

98
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

99
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky”

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8;14]), c-myc activation

100
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with what bug

A

EBV (“black sky” of malignant cells)

101
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease- progressive dementia, personality change)

102
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (benign)

103
Q

“spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

104
Q

stacks of RBC

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

105
Q

stipple vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells”

gardnerella vaginalias

106
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granulomas)

107
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn

arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBC

108
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

109
Q

“thumb sign” on lateral xray

A

Epiglottitis (HiB)

110
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

111
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease

alcoholic or metabolic syndrome

112
Q

“waxy” casts in urine

A

chronic end-stage renal disease

113
Q

WBC cast in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

114
Q

WBCs that look smudge

115
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

116
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia

d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage

First Aid: Rapid Review (5 decks)

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