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Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal Cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocyts [M3] type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A); resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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19
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast Tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s Syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Home-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in the lung
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes Dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), Subacute Combined Degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's Spirals (bronchial asthma; can results in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner Bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl's Eye appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Orphan Annie's Eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the liver
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's Disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver (extracellular)
Councilman Body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri Bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
Senile Plaques (Alzheimer's Disease)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl's eye)
Reed-Sternberg Cells (Hodgkin's Lymphoma - CD30)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval Bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
beta-Thalassemia,Sickle Cell Anemia (marrow expansion)
44
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, Hydatidiform Mole (occurs with and without embryo)
45
Heart nodules
Aschoff Bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules)
48
High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
49
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon Complex (primary TB)
50
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Tousseau's Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
52
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
53
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's Syndrome
54
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
55
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
56
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
57
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
58
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
59
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
60
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi Disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
61
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative Colitis (loss of haustra)
62
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's Syndrome
63
Low serum cerruloplasmin
Wilson's Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
64
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
65
Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
- Multiple Myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) - Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) - Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia - Primary amyloidosis
66
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn's Disease)
68
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's Syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
69
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: s. epidermidis; Resistant: s. saprophyticus
71
"Nutmeg" appearance of the liver
Chronic passive congestion of the liver due to right heart failure
72
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewin's Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
73
Optochin response
Sensitive: s. pneumoniae; Resistant: Viridans strep
74
Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area
Codman's Triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
75
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal Change Disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
76
Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary Tangles (Alzheimer's Disease) and Pick's Bodies (Pick's Disease)
78
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
79
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma Multiforme
80
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
81
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
82
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
83
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
84
Rib notching
Coarctation of the Aorta
85
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
86
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV;"black sky" made up of malignant cells)
87
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick Bodies (Pick's Disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
88
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of the bone (usually benign)
89
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous Glomerulopathy (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
90
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
91
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue Cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
92
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: esoinophilic granuloma)
93
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
94
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
95
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
96
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
97
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty Liver Disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
98
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
99
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
100
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
101
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscope
Lupus nephropathy
102
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (eg due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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