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FirstAid:RapidReview > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid factor of rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, bountonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodes (AMAs)

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis

  • -> c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]
  • -> p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome
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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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10
Q

Anti-tranglutaminase antibodies
Anti-gliadin antibodies
Anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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11
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray?

A

Colorectal cancer (usually L-sided)

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12
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rodes (AML M3)

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13
Q

Bactiracin sensitive and resistant

A

Sensitive: Group A Strep
Resistant: Group B Strep

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14
Q

“Bamboo spine”

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)

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15
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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16
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

Sideroblastic anemia

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17
Q

Bloody tap on LB

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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18
Q

Boot shaped heart on CXR

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

RVH

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19
Q

Branching gram + rods with sufur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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20
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor

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21
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage)

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22
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Typanosoma cruzi)

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23
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

RPGN

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24
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of the ovary

A

Endometriosis

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25
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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26
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in the lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR CFTR mutation)

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27
Q

Decreased alpha fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome of other chromosomal abnormality

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28
Q

Degeneration of the dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dosalis if isolated

Subacute combined degeneration (if with the lateral corticospinal tracts): B12 or E deficiency

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29
Q

Depigmentation of the neurons in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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30
Q

Desquamated epithelial cases in the sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals: bronchial asthma

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31
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies: granulosa theca cell tumors of the ovary

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32
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koliocytes (HPV)

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33
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl’s eye” in CMV

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34
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

“Orphan annie’s eyes” nuclei: papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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35
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the liver

A

Mallory bodies: alcoholic liver disease

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the nerve cells

A

Lewy body: parkinsons, lewy body dementia

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37
Q

Eosinophilic globule in the liver

A

Councilman body: toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever

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38
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (lyssavirus)

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39
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of the brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimers)

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40
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owls eye)

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

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41
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies: yolk sac tumor

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42
Q

“Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on X-ray

A

Beta thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
**marrow expansion

43
Q

hCG elevated

A

Pregnancy
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole

44
Q

Heart nodules (granulomas)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

45
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucelosis (EBV)

46
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcol-Leyden crystals)

47
Q

High levels of D dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

48
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle or lower lung lobes

A

Ghon complex (primary tb)

49
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

Hypercoaguability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lung)

51
Q

Hypersegmented PMNs

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro sx, folate def: no neuro sx)

52
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone producing adenoma)

53
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

IDA, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

54
Q

Increased AFP in the amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error
Anencephaly
NTDs

55
Q

Increased uric acid levels (4)

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics

56
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

57
Q

Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

58
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease: congenitial failure of phagolysosome formation

60
Q

Lead pipe appearance on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

61
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular BM

A

Goodpasture’s

62
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

63
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b

64
Q

Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

65
Q

Mammary gland “blue domed” cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

66
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS: normal consequence of aging
Waldenstrom’s: IgM
Primary amyloidosis

67
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring cells: gastric carcinoma, krukenburg

68
Q

Narrowing of the bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” of Crohns

69
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and glomerulonephritis

A

Wegner’s (c-ANCA)

Goodpastures (anti BM antibody)

70
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

71
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

72
Q

Sensitive and resistant to novobiocin

A

Sens: S. epidermidis
Res: S. saprophyticus

73
Q

“Nutmeg” liver

A

Chronic passive liver congestion due to right heart failure

74
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma: malignant round cell tumor

75
Q

Optochin sensitive/resistant

A

Sens: S. pneumoniae
Res: Viridans streptococcus

76
Q

Periosteum raised from the bone, creating a triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle: osteosarcoma, also Ewing’s and pyogenic osteomylitits

77
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on EM

A

MCD: child with nephrotic syndrome

FSGS

78
Q

Polished, ivory like appearance at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation seen in osteoarthritis

79
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A 
Neurofibrillary tangled (Alzheimers)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
80
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma

81
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

82
Q

RBC casts in the urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

83
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

84
Q

Renal epithelial casts in the urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

85
Q

Rhomboid crystals/positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

86
Q

Rib notching

A

Postductal coarctation of the aorta

87
Q

Ring-enchancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii

CNS lymphoma

88
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered, pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t(8;14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV)

89
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies

90
Q

Soap bubble in femur or tibia on xray

A

Giant cells tumor of the bone (benign)

91
Q

Spike and dome appearance with subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

92
Q

Rouleaux

A

High ESR

Multiple myeloma

93
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” of Garderella vaginalis

94
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Lagnerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules

95
Q

Thrombi made up of red/white layers

A

Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus (layers of platelets and RBCs)

96
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

97
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

98
Q

Tram-track appearance of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

99
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease: alcoholic or metabolic syndrome

100
Q

“Waxy casts” with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

101
Q

WBC casts in the urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

102
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (B cell)

103
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis)

104
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

FirstAid:RapidReview (6 decks)

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