Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid factor of rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, bountonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodes (AMAs)
A
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Vasculitis
- -> c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]
- -> p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
10
Q
Anti-tranglutaminase antibodies
Anti-gliadin antibodies
Anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
11
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray?
A
Colorectal cancer (usually L-sided)
12
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rodes (AML M3)
13
Q
Bactiracin sensitive and resistant
A
Sensitive: Group A Strep
Resistant: Group B Strep
14
Q
“Bamboo spine”
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)
15
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (splectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
16
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
17
Q
Bloody tap on LB
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
18
Q
Boot shaped heart on CXR
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
RVH
19
Q
Branching gram + rods with sufur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
20
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
A
Pancoast tumor
21
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage)
22
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas’ disease (Typanosoma cruzi)
23
Q
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
A
RPGN
24
Q
“Chocolate cyst” of the ovary
A
Endometriosis
25
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
26
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in the lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR CFTR mutation)
27
Decreased alpha fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome of other chromosomal abnormality
28
Degeneration of the dorsal column nerves
Tabes dosalis if isolated
| Subacute combined degeneration (if with the lateral corticospinal tracts): B12 or E deficiency
29
Depigmentation of the neurons in the substantia nigra
Parkinson's Disease: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
30
Desquamated epithelial cases in the sputum
Curschmann's spirals: bronchial asthma
31
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies: granulosa theca cell tumors of the ovary
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koliocytes (HPV)
33
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" in CMV
34
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
"Orphan annie's eyes" nuclei: papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the liver
Mallory bodies: alcoholic liver disease
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the nerve cells
Lewy body: parkinsons, lewy body dementia
37
Eosinophilic globule in the liver
Councilman body: toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever
38
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (lyssavirus)
39
Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of the brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimers)
40
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owls eye)
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
41
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies: yolk sac tumor
42
"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on X-ray
Beta thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
**marrow expansion
43
hCG elevated
Pregnancy
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole
44
Heart nodules (granulomas)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
45
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucelosis (EBV)
46
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcol-Leyden crystals)
47
High levels of D dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
48
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle or lower lung lobes
Ghon complex (primary tb)
49
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
50
Hypercoaguability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lung)
51
Hypersegmented PMNs
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro sx, folate def: no neuro sx)
52
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome (aldosterone producing adenoma)
53
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
IDA, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
54
Increased AFP in the amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error
Anencephaly
NTDs
55
Increased uric acid levels (4)
Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics
56
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
57
Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
58
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
59
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease: congenitial failure of phagolysosome formation
60
Lead pipe appearance on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
61
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular BM
Goodpasture's
62
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
63
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b
64
Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
65
Mammary gland "blue domed" cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
66
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
MGUS: normal consequence of aging
Waldenstrom's: IgM
Primary amyloidosis
67
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring cells: gastric carcinoma, krukenburg
68
Narrowing of the bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" of Crohns
69
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and glomerulonephritis
Wegner's (c-ANCA)
| Goodpastures (anti BM antibody)
70
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
71
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
72
Sensitive and resistant to novobiocin
Sens: S. epidermidis
Res: S. saprophyticus
73
"Nutmeg" liver
Chronic passive liver congestion due to right heart failure
74
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma: malignant round cell tumor
75
Optochin sensitive/resistant
Sens: S. pneumoniae
Res: Viridans streptococcus
76
Periosteum raised from the bone, creating a triangular area
Codman's triangle: osteosarcoma, also Ewing's and pyogenic osteomylitits
77
Podocyte fusion or effacement on EM
MCD: child with nephrotic syndrome
| FSGS
78
Polished, ivory like appearance at cartilage erosion
Eburnation seen in osteoarthritis
79
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangled (Alzheimers)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
```
80
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
81
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
82
RBC casts in the urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
83
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
84
Renal epithelial casts in the urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
85
Rhomboid crystals/positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
86
Rib notching
Postductal coarctation of the aorta
87
Ring-enchancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
| CNS lymphoma
88
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered, pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
Burkitt's lymphoma (t(8;14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV)
89
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies
90
Soap bubble in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cells tumor of the bone (benign)
91
Spike and dome appearance with subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
92
Rouleaux
High ESR
| Multiple myeloma
93
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" of Garderella vaginalis
94
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Lagnerhans cells
Birbeck granules
95
Thrombi made up of red/white layers
Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus (layers of platelets and RBCs)
96
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
97
Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
98
Tram-track appearance of glomerular BM on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
99
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease: alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
100
"Waxy casts" with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
101
WBC casts in the urine
Acute pyelonephritis
102
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (B cell)
103
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis)
104
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
