Classes of drugs Flashcards
What do beta blockers do?
reduce o2 demand of the heart muscle
affects beta 1 and beat 2
What is the effect of beta-blockers on beta 1?
cardiac stimulation
blocks the effect of
epi and norepi
thereby reducing HR
what is the effect of beta-blockers on beta 2?
bronchial relaxation
dilates blood vessels
therefore reducing BP
What are beta-blockers used for treatment?
Slowing HR and lowering blood pressure
What is the common suffix of BETA BLOCKERS?
~olol
What do calcium channel blockers do?
relax smooth muscle and decrease peripheral resistance
(slows HR and lowers BP)
What are calcium channel blockers used to treat?
HTN
Calcium channel blockers typical suffixes:
~ine
What do diuretics do to the body?
act on the KIDNEYS to excrete MORE water from the body
decreases BP by decreasing blood volume
increase the elimination of water, sodium, and electrolytes
then reduces BP by reducing peripheral resistance (by decreasing BV and CO)
What are the 5 different types of diuretics?
LOOP
Osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibtors
thiazide
potassium sparing
What are loop diuretics?
inhibits Na+/K+/2CI transport proteins in the loop of Henle
this causes a reduction in the reabsorption of sodium
which significantly increases diuresis (salt goes, water followers)
some pts may also lose too much potassium
so they may be on supplements of K+
What is a potassium sparing diuretic?
increases diuresis
without causing potassium to leave the body
What are thiazide diuretics?
act by inhibiting NaCl reabsorption into
the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney
This happens through the suppression of the sodium chloride cotransporter
**Mainly used to treat HTN, heart failure, kidney failure and diabetes
What is an antihyperlipidemic agent?
An antihyperlipidemic agent is
a medication used to lower levels of
lipids (fats) in the blood,
such as cholesterol and triglycerides
What are common suffixes in cholesterol meds?
“statin”
“fibrate”
“azole”
“nic acid”
What are common names for cholesterol meds?
Statins: Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin
Fibrates: Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil
Azoles: Ezetimibe
Nic acids: Niacin
What are antiplatelet meds?
drugs that help prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation
What are common antiplatelet meds?
Aspirin (ASA)
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor
Dipyridamole
Cilostazol
What is a common side effect of antiplatelets?
increased risk of bleeding,
which can manifest as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or nosebleeds.
What are anti-coagulants?
medications that help prevent blood clot formation or
inhibit existing clots from growing larger
What are common anticoagulants?
Warfarin
Heparin
enoxaparin
rivaroxaban,
apixaban,
dabigatran
What are ACE inhibitors primarily used for?
HTN and Heart failure
Who gets put on blood thinners (anticoagulants)?
typically prescribed for individuals who have an increased risk of
blood clot formation or
who have already experienced blood clot-related conditions such as:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
Mechanical heart valve replacement
Stroke prevention in individuals with certain cardiovascular conditions or risk factors
What are the common ACE inhibitors?
Lisinopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
Captopril
Benazepril
Perindopril
What are anti anginals?
medications used to relieve or prevent angina,
which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
These medications work by dilating blood vessels,
increasing blood flow to the heart, or
reducing the heart’s workload
What are nitrates? And what are they used to treat?
medications that contain nitroglycerin or other nitrate compounds.
They are used to treat or prevent angina, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
What do long-acting beta-agonists do?
LABAs are medications used to
relax and open the airways in the lungs.
They work by stimulating
beta-adrenergic receptors in the
smooth muscle of the airways,
leading to bronchodilation
What are the most common long-acting beta-agonists called?
Salmeterol
Formoterol
