Classes of drugs

Question 1

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 1

reduce o2 demand of the heart muscle

affects beta 1 and beat 2

Question 2

What is the effect of beta-blockers on beta 1?

Answer 2

cardiac stimulation

blocks the effect of

epi and norepi

thereby reducing HR

Question 3

what is the effect of beta-blockers on beta 2?

Answer 3

bronchial relaxation

dilates blood vessels

therefore reducing BP

Question 4

What are beta-blockers used for treatment?

Answer 4

Slowing HR and lowering blood pressure

Question 5

What is the common suffix of BETA BLOCKERS?

Answer 5

~olol

Question 6

What do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 6

relax smooth muscle and decrease peripheral resistance

(slows HR and lowers BP)

Question 7

What are calcium channel blockers used to treat?

Answer 7

HTN

Question 8

Calcium channel blockers typical suffixes:

Answer 8

~ine

Question 9

What do diuretics do to the body?

Answer 9

act on the KIDNEYS to excrete MORE water from the body

decreases BP by decreasing blood volume

increase the elimination of water, sodium, and electrolytes

then reduces BP by reducing peripheral resistance (by decreasing BV and CO)

Question 10

What are the 5 different types of diuretics?

Answer 10

LOOP

Osmotic

carbonic anhydrase inhibtors

thiazide

potassium sparing

Question 11

What are loop diuretics?

Answer 11

inhibits Na+/K+/2CI transport proteins in the loop of Henle

this causes a reduction in the reabsorption of sodium

which significantly increases diuresis (salt goes, water followers)

some pts may also lose too much potassium

so they may be on supplements of K+

Question 12

What is a potassium sparing diuretic?

Answer 12

increases diuresis

without causing potassium to leave the body

Question 13

What are thiazide diuretics?

Answer 13

act by inhibiting NaCl reabsorption into

the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney

This happens through the suppression of the sodium chloride cotransporter

**Mainly used to treat HTN, heart failure, kidney failure and diabetes

Question 14

What is an antihyperlipidemic agent?

Answer 14

An antihyperlipidemic agent is

a medication used to lower levels of

lipids (fats) in the blood,

such as cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 15

What are common suffixes in cholesterol meds?

Answer 15

“statin”
“fibrate”
“azole”
“nic acid”

Question 16

What are common names for cholesterol meds?

Answer 16

Statins: Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin

Fibrates: Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil

Azoles: Ezetimibe

Nic acids: Niacin

Question 17

What are antiplatelet meds?

Answer 17

drugs that help prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Question 18

What are common antiplatelet meds?

Answer 18

Aspirin (ASA)
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor
Dipyridamole
Cilostazol

Question 19

What is a common side effect of antiplatelets?

Answer 19

increased risk of bleeding,

which can manifest as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or nosebleeds.

Question 20

What are anti-coagulants?

Answer 20

medications that help prevent blood clot formation or

inhibit existing clots from growing larger

Question 21

What are common anticoagulants?

Answer 21

Warfarin

Heparin

enoxaparin

rivaroxaban,

apixaban,

dabigatran

Question 22

What are ACE inhibitors primarily used for?

Answer 22

HTN and Heart failure

Question 23

Who gets put on blood thinners (anticoagulants)?

Answer 23

typically prescribed for individuals who have an increased risk of

blood clot formation or

who have already experienced blood clot-related conditions such as:

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
Mechanical heart valve replacement
Stroke prevention in individuals with certain cardiovascular conditions or risk factors

Question 24

What are the common ACE inhibitors?

Answer 24

Lisinopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
Captopril
Benazepril
Perindopril

Question 25

What are anti anginals?

Answer 25

medications used to relieve or prevent angina,

which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

These medications work by dilating blood vessels,

increasing blood flow to the heart, or

reducing the heart’s workload

Question 26

What are nitrates? And what are they used to treat?

Answer 26

medications that contain nitroglycerin or other nitrate compounds.

They are used to treat or prevent angina, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

Question 27

What do long-acting beta-agonists do?

Answer 27

LABAs are medications used to

relax and open the airways in the lungs.

They work by stimulating

beta-adrenergic receptors in the

smooth muscle of the airways,

leading to bronchodilation

Question 28

What are the most common long-acting beta-agonists called?

Answer 28

Salmeterol
Formoterol