classes notes

Question 1

What is public health?

Answer 1

Public health promotes and protects health and prevent disease and disability in defined populations communities.

It travels knowledge to action for disease prevention and health promotion

Question 2

Medicine VS Public Health

Answer 2

Medicine: more individual, more focus on cure/treatment, focus on rare diseases

Public health: More focus on population, prevention, mechanism of disease transmission, more focused on transmitting knowledge

Question 3

What happened to the public health in the mid-14th century?

Answer 3

• The Black Death (bubonic plague) killed 25% of population

Question 4

What happened to the public health during the industrial revolution of the 19th century?

Answer 4

• The was an association between poverty and health
• Policies and programs were put in place to address such disparities
• There were policy and legislation to improve health

Question 5

What happened to the public health in the early 20th century?

Answer 5

• Legitimization of the germ theory ( bacteria, viruses and other small organisms are causing diseases) of diseases transmission by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur (worked independently)
• Sanitation, quarantine ( 2 new methods of treating and preventing diseases) became standard practices in cities
• Board of health were developed to deal with health treats to the community

-More diseases control (vaccines and antibiotics)

Question 6

What happened to the public health in the mid-20th century?

Answer 6

• Bridge between the focus on infectious disease and chronic diseases
• Nutritional diseases ( micronutrient deficiency) became a priority
• Maternal and child health became critical (high infant and maternal mortality)

-Mandating training of midwives

Question 7

What happened to the public health in the mid to late 20th century?

Answer 7

• Emergence of chronic diseases (noncommunicable diseases)

-diabetes, cancer, heart diseases, mental health disorders, musculoskeletal diseases

-Today, diseases influenced by lifestyle and genetics are the greatest public health concern

Question 8

What are the five areas of specialization in Public Health?

Answer 8

1- Epidemiology and disease control

2-Environmental Health

3- Health promotion and health education

4- Health administration and policy

5- Biostatics

Question 9

What is epidemiology and diseases control?

Answer 9

The study of distributions and determinants of diseases and disability in populations. Study of a disease affects a specific population and how it can be prevented

Question 10

What is environmental health?

Answer 10

It is the study of our environment ( Where we live, work, socialize)

Question 11

What is the basis of health promotion and health education?

Answer 11

Social justice ( health burdens and benefits should be distributed equitably in population

Question 12

What are the principles of health promotion?

Answer 12

1- Empowerment and inclusion (Take responsibility for the influences on their personal health)

2- Intersectional collaboration ( collaboration among agencies and sectors from other fields)

3- Multidimensional (communication, legislation, policy, education, finance)

4- Participatory ( Participation individually and collectively)

5- Advocacy ( involve all people who are interested )

Question 13

What are the principles of health administration and policy?

Answer 13

1- Delivery of public health services

2- Budgeting

3- Policy development and analysis

4-Planning

5- Prioritization

6- Implementation of programs

Question 14

What is health administration and policy?

Answer 14

It focuses on the delivery of public health services

Question 15

What is biostatistics and data science?

Answer 15

It is the practical and rational analysis of data, the interpretation of study results and the translation of those results into action.

Question 16

What is public health law?

Answer 16

A specialization that seek to leverage legal and governmental authority to promote and protect the health of populations.

Question 17

What is considered sedentary behaviours?

Answer 17

Any waking activity with an energy expenditure (EE) less or equal to 1.5 METS (Metabolic equivalent )

Example: Sitting, reclining or lying

Question 18

What is a sedentary activity?

Answer 18

Any waking activity requiring 1.0 to 1.5 METs

ex: Sitting and reading, standing quietly, reclining

Question 19

What is Physical activity?

Answer 19

Any body movement that recruits skeletal muscles and results in energy

ex: walking

Question 20

What is exercise?

Answer 20

A specific type of physical activity that is planned, repetitive and done for a specific purpose.

ex: Basketball

Question 21

What is physical fitness?

Answer 21

A set of measurable physiological parameters

ex: cardiorespiratory endurance, Skeletal muscle endurance, skeletal muscle strength

Question 22

What is exercise physiology?

Answer 22

The study of how body structures and functions are altered by acute bouts of exercise or physical activity.

How the body adapts to the chronic stress of physical activity

Question 23

What is movement science?

Answer 23

The study of movement patterns and equipments to maximize performance or protection.

It includes motor learning, motor control, motor development and biomechanics

Question 24

What is sport and exercise psychology ?

Answer 24

It is the study of behaviours and outcomes related to participation in sports or programs of exercise training.

Question 25

What is the difference between gross energy expenditure and net energy expenditure ?

Answer 25

Gross energy expenditure= PAEE+resting EE

Net energy expenditure: PAEE

Question 26

What is accumulation?

Answer 26

It refers to acquiring a specific dose of physical activity or exercise or archiving a physical activity or exercise goal by combining several shorter bouts

Question 27

What is dose-response?

Answer 27

it refers to the amount of physical activity or exercise needed for achieving health, fitness or performance goals