Class Reproduction Flashcards
Chromosomes -
rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins are
Histones
the DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around proteins called
Chromatid
one of the two strands of a chromosome; that becomes visible during meiosis or mitosis
Centromere
the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
Chromatin
the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of protiens and DNA strands
Sex Chromosomes
chrosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and they may also carry genes for other characteristics
Autosomes
all of the other chromosomes in an organism
Homologous Chromosomes
two copies of each autosome
Karyotype
photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
Diploid
cells having two sets of chromosomes; cells that have two autosomes for each homologous pair
Haploid
sperm cells and egg cells; contains only one set of chromosomes
Binary Fission
the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cell
cell’s chromosome
new cells contain one identical chromosome that resulted from the copying of the original…
eukaryotic
in what cell division, does both the cytoplasm and nucleus divide
Mitosis
new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material, of the original cell
reproduction of unicellular organisms
Mitosis occurs in what?
Asexual Reproduction
the production of the offspring from the one parent
Meiosis
occurs during the formation of gametes
Cell cycle
the repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell
Gametes
haploid reproductive cells
Interphase
the time between cell division
M phase
nucleus of a cell divides
Cytokenisis
the division of the cells cytoplasm
interphase
Cells spend most of lifetime in…
G1
(first stage of interphase) offspring cells grow to mature size
S phase
(next phase of interphase) cell’s DNA is copied
G2 phase
time during which cell prepares for cell division
G0
(cells exit G1 and go here) do not copy DNA or prepare for cell division
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
4 phases of mitosis
Prophase
the first phase of mitosis
