class questions for final Flashcards
A specific orientation an Adlerian counselor would use to gain the frame of reference from the client would be?
Phenomenological (viewing the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference)
According to Adler, it is through what that each person forms his/her unique view of self, others, and life?
Family constellation
Behavioral therapy encourages that the client create short and long term ____ as well as complete ____ assignments.
goals, homework
A counselor using Behavioral Therapy may ask the client for ____ through the process. They may also encourage the client to participate in ____.
feedback, role plays
What area Rogers’ 3 therapist attributes to empower client growth?
Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and (congruence) genuineness
What theory does the following BEST describe> The client is responsible for him/herself & his/her own decisions, and often comes to counseling in a state of incongruence (discrepancy between self perception and experience in reality). The therapeutic relationship is highly dependent on equality, the client being the expert as opposed to the counselor, and the therapeutic core conditions necessary to promote change. The counselors job is to help the client reach self-actualization and independence, and the counselor does not play a very direcitve role (the client plays the directive role): A. Cognitive behavioral B. Person Centered C. Existenstial D. Reality
B. Person-centered
How does a therapist using Reality Therapy take the mystery and uncertainty out of the therapeutic process when a client says, “I’m depressed. My depression is the problem. Why are you talking about my relationships?”
Answer: see pages 343-344 - Procedures that Leads to Change
In the first session a skilled therapist looks for and defines the wants of the client. The therapist also looks for a key unsatisfying present relationship—usually with a spouse, a child, a parent, or an employer. The therapist might ask, “Whose behavior can you control?” This question may need to be asked several times during the next few sessions to deal with the client’s resistance to looking at his or her own behavior.
WDEP describes a key procedure in the practice of reality therapy. What strategies do the letters refer to?
W - wants, needs, and perceptions
D - direction and doing
E - self-evaluation
P - planning
Behavioral therapy: There are two types of conditioning: classical and operant. Define each and give an example of when you would use them.
Classical conditioning - refers to what happens prior to learning that creates a response through pairing. Pavlov - rang bell when gave dog food, so eventually paired bell with food and just bell would elicit salivating. But pairing will diminish if not reinforced ( e.g. using bell without food). systematic desensitization: client imagines successively more anxiety-inducing situations while engaging in a behavior that competes with anxiety.
Operant conditioning: a type of learning in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. getting a gift after getting an A on a test. Can also work in a negative way - negative consequences reduces chance of repeating the behavior.
Solution focused therapy focuses on what two time frames? Past, present or future?
present and future
How would you ask the miracle question to a 5 yr old vs. an adult?
Use age appropriate language for client’s age - make sure child understands the question, maybe use props with child - if you had a wand…
Which of these is not a technique used in Cognitive Therapy? A. Skills training B. Role playing C. Exposure therapy D. Dream analysis
D. Dream analysis
Write an example of an irrational belief that pertains to your own life. As a counselor, what question would you ask to dispute these thoughts.
E.G.
My house must always be clean or people won’t like me.
Dispute: is there a time when it wasn’t as clean as you like and someone stopped by? Was it catastrophic? Did your friend still like you?
Nick is a jr. in H.S. and has taken SATs twice but score is below his preference tho’ still average. He is discouraged, feels like a failure, and doesn’t think he’ll get into colleges he wants. Using cognitive behavioral therapy, explain the three components of the ABC framework and identify these as related to Nicks’ problem.
ABC framework is a practice used in REBT and helps us understand the client’s thoughts, feelings, events and behavior. A stands for the existence of a fact or activating event. B stands for a person’s belief about the activating event. C stands for the emotional and behavioral consequences. Related to Nick’s problem:
A - not meeting his desired score on SAT
B - belief that he needs to be perfect academically
C - Discouraged and feelings of failure
Do you think counselors find Reality Therapy to be a good model for counseling clients? Discuss your reasons for why or why not.
(page 354-355) -
Advantages - short-term focus, strong focus on client’s self-evaluation, existential underpinnings which put emphasis on client’s responsibility and choice, client-determined direction, can be effective with reluctant and resistant clients.
Limitations - does not provide much emphasis on certain aspects of the counseling process: role of insight, the unconscious, past experiences, therapeutic value of dreams, and transference. Views mental illness as result of a person’s unsatisfying present relationships (and behavioral choices) which may not be appropriate for those suffering from chronic depression or schizophrenia. Can lend itself to a counselor trying to fix problems, especially by inexperience counselors. Uses concrete language and simple concepts, which may cause people to view it as a simple/easy approach, when it actually requires practice, supervision and continued learning by the counselor. )
