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Org Chem > Class Final > Flashcards

Class Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does glycolysis happen?

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Goal of glycolysis?

A

Production of 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2NADH/2H+

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3
Q

Glycolysis is not dependent on?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

Pyruvate produced from glycolysis is…

A

Converted to Acetal COA with oxygen, converted to lactate without oxygen.

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5
Q

In other organisms…

A

Ethanol can be made from pyruvate.

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6
Q

What inhibits glycolysis?

A

ATP, and high Glucose-6-phosphate

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7
Q

Which of the following occurs in the mitochondria?

A

CAC

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8
Q

NAD and FAD are vitally important?

A

Coenzymes

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9
Q

The process where glucose is made into glycogen is called?

A

Glycogenesis

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10
Q

The mitochondria is the site of?

A

CAC and ETC

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11
Q

Coenzymes NAD and FAD are derived from?

A

Vitamins

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12
Q

Which of the following is considered the common metabolite?

A

Acetyl COA

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13
Q

Most of the ATP produced in the body is formed during?

A

ETC

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14
Q

How many ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule?

A

32

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15
Q

The carbon atoms formed in the catabolism of amino acids can be used in?

A

CAC

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16
Q

The hormone glucagon regulates blood glucose levels by?

A

Stimulating glycogenolysis

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17
Q

The nitrogen part of amino acids can be?

A

Excreted as urea and used to make nitrogen containing compounds.

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18
Q

ATP regulates many of the enzymes in?

A

CAC

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19
Q

Under anaerobic conditions the human body metabolizes glucose into?

A

Lactate

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20
Q

Oxidation phosphorylation is couple with?

A

The ETC

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21
Q

The chemiosmotic theory says?

A

A proton gradient generated during the ETC allows for the generation of ATP.

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22
Q

How much ATP can be can be produced through the anaerobic metabolism of a molecule of glucose?

A

2

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23
Q

The shuttling of fatty acids into the mitochondria is facilitated by?

A

Carnitine

24
Q

Which are the most important buffers in the blood?

A

Bicarbonate and carbonic acid.

25
Q

The fatty acid spiral sequence of reactions?

A

Alkane-alkene-alcohol-ketone

26
Q

Which 2 compounds link the CAC and the urea cycle?

A

Fumarate and aspartate

27
Q

What is the function of the cori cycle?

A

To take Lactate from the muscles back to the lover for conversion to glucose.

28
Q

The amino acids in the amino acid pool come from?

A

Protein turnover, biosynthesis, dietary proteins.

29
Q

The process where glucose is synthesized from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and some amino acids?

A

Gluconeogenesis

30
Q

When the body has not ingested foot in about 40 days how is energy obtained?

A

Breakdown of body proteins

31
Q

Which of the following inhibits the CAC?

A

ATP

32
Q

When triglycerides are metabolized what happens to the glycerol?

A

It enters the glycolytic pathway as dihydroxyacetone-phosphate

33
Q

Which of the following occurs in the mitochondria?

A

Fatty acid oxidation

34
Q

Which of the following can be used to make glucose?

A

Oxaloacetate

35
Q

Glycogen is mainly stored?

A

Muscle and liver

36
Q

The carbons found in amino acids can be used in or to?

A

CAC, make ketone bodies, make Acetyl COA

37
Q

The process where nitrogen is removed from amino acids involves?

A

Transamination, deamination, urea formation

38
Q

Which are the only purely ketogenic amino acids?

A

Leucine and lysine

39
Q

Chemiosmotic theory?

A

Proton flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane during the ETC provides the energy for the production of ATP.

40
Q

________, _________, and ________ regulate carbohydrates metabolism.

A

Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine

41
Q

Glucose can be synthesized in a process called ____________ from ________,_________ and _________.

A

Gluconeogenesis, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and some amino acids.

42
Q

_______ stimulates uptake of glucose by cells and also _________ where glucose is stored as glycogen.

A

Insulin, glycogenesis

43
Q

Proteins are broken into ______ _______ which can be used to make ________.

A

Amino acids, pyruvate.

44
Q

MACRO

A

Carbs, lipids, proteins

45
Q

MICRO

A

Vitamins, minerals

46
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down

47
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up

48
Q

ATP does what to bonds?

A

Breaks them and this requires energy

49
Q

ADP+Pi does what to bonds?

A

Builds them and this makes new energy/disorder

50
Q

What inhibits the CAC?

A

ATP, NADH, succinyl COA

51
Q

What does the ETC do with water from CAC?

A

Removes it.

52
Q

ETC formula?

A

4H+ +4e- + O2—> 2 H2O

53
Q

Chemiosmotic hypothesis?

A

The mitochondria generates energy

54
Q

How much energy does 1NAD give?

A

2.5 ATP

55
Q

How much oxygen used in CAC?

A

90%

56
Q

Glucose, galactose, and Fuctose?

A

Monosaccharides which is what most carbs are broken into.

Org Chem (2 decks)

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