Class differences in achievement (External factors)

Question 1

What is material deprivation?

Answer 1

The inability to afford basic resources, like: housing,food and heating

Question 2

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 2

Deficiencies in home and family backgrounds, like: socialisation, language skills and inappropriate attitudes/ values.

Question 3

What is cultural capital?

Answer 3

Knowledge, attitudes, values and lifestyles- gives MC an advantage in education

Question 4

What does Bernstein say about cultural deprivation?

Answer 4

Speech codes- Difference puts WC (restricted code) kids at disadvantage as elaborated code is used by teachers,exams and textbooks
Early socialisation into the elaborated code means WC kids are at an advantage

Question 5

What does Douglas say about cultural deprivation?

Answer 5

Parents education- WC parents place less value on education, less ambitious, encouraging + participating for their kids, many don’t attend parents evening

Question 6

What does Sugarmann say about cultural deprivation?

Answer 6

4 key barriers to educational achievement for WC pupils:
- Fatalism- nothing you can do to change your status
-collectivism- valuing being part of a group more than being an individual
Immediate gratification- seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices to get future rewards
Present tie orientation- seeing the present as more important than the future, no long-term goals

Question 7

Give 3 ways housing can effect pupils achievement directly and indirectly

Answer 7

-Overcrowding- no room for educational activities like homework/ reading, disturbed sleep from shared bedrooms
-Living in temporary accommodation- moving frequently, disturbed education
-Overcrowded homes- greater risk of accident/ getting ill, leads to absence from school.

Question 8

How does bad diet and health affect a pupils achievement?

Answer 8

-Young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals
-Poor nutrients affect health- weakened immune system results in absence from school (Howard)

Question 9

What does Boudieu say about cultural capital?

Answer 9

MC kids with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands on the school curriculum
Parents can convert cultural capital into economic capital, e.g, can send kids to private schools