Class Differences- External Factors Flashcards
What are the 3 External Factors of Education?
- Cultural deprivation
- Material Deprivation
- Cultural Capital
What is cultural deprivation?
Th theory that many W/C children are inadequately socialised and lack the ‘right’ culture needed for educational success. E.g. language and self-discipline.
What did Bernstein say?
W/c aren’t culturally deprived, schools just fail to teach them the elaborated code. Lower class children more likely to speak speak in a restricted speech code.
What did Douglas say? - parents education
W/C parents place less value on education, they can’t help with homework, lack of financial support - leads to less motivation.
What did Sugarman say? - 4 value of W/c subcultures stopping educational achievement
1) Fatalism - ‘it is what it is’ - can’t change your status
2) Collectivism - group goals more important than individual goals
3) Immediate gratification- seek pleasure now
4) Present-time orientation - Present is more important than the future.
Overall, W/c more concerned with immediate gratification than deferred gratification.
How can cultural deprivation effect educational achievement?
The realisation of parents not being able to afford higher education and wanting to avoid debt.
Evaluation of CD - Keddie
CD is victim blaming, it blames schools not the home as they fail to teach the elaborated code.
Evaluation of CD - Sure Start programme
Programmes implemented to work with parents to increase development of disadvantaged children - reducing CD
Evaluation of CD - Marxist
Would argue that CD theorists blame the W/C parents for the underachievement of their children whereas these parents are really the victims of an unequal society in which schools are run by the m/c for the m/c.
What are 3 common examples in material deprivation?
1) Housing - overcrowding makes it harder to study, lack of space, loud noise.
Council housing - frequently moves and disrupts education, damp houses cause bad health –> more absences
2) Diet and health - Lower intake of vitamins which creates a weakened immune system = absences and difficulty concentrating
3) Finance - lack equipment and miss out on other opportuning that can enhance achievement - e.g. school trips
Flaherty - MD
Money problems lead to a lack of attendance. 90% of ‘failing schools’ are in deprived areas.
Bull - MD
There is still a cost in ‘free schooling’ e.g. books, toys, trips.
Tanner et al - MD
Items like transport, uniforms, books etc - place heavy burden on poor families. They get hand me downs, cheap equipment resulting in being bullied.
Flaherty - MD (FSM)
Even though w/c have access to FSM the fear of stigmatisation meant that 20% of FSM students don’t claim their lunch as they fell embarrassed.
Fear of debt Conner et al -MD
W/c less likely to go university and can’t gain a higher education as they work part-time which is a distraction. The increase in University of fees has put them off more.
