class differences- external

Question 1

Bernstein (speech codes)

Answer 1

Restricted code: w/c limited vocab, poor grammar.

Elaborated code: m/c wider vocab .

Question 2

Douglas (parents)

Answer 2

w/c parents place value on education.

Question 3

Bernstein and Young (toys)

Answer 3

m/c mothers more likely to buy educational toys.

Question 4

Sugarman (four key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement)

Answer 4

Fatalism- whatever will be will be
Collectivism- more important to be a part of a group than individualism
Immediate gratification- pleasure now then later
Present time orientation- present more important than the future.

Question 5

Howard (Diet)

Answer 5

poor vitamins, more likely to be ill.

Question 6

Bull (finance)

Answer 6

cost of free schooling.

Question 7

Callender and Jackson (debt)

Answer 7

w/c more debt averse.

Question 8

Bourdieu

Answer 8

Cultural capital

educational and economic capital

Question 9

Becker

Answer 9

Labelling.

Question 10

Rosenthal and Jacobson (Teachers expectation)

Answer 10

Lied about IQ went back a year later, 50% of them had increased when they went back. .

Question 11

Gillborn and Youdell ( A to C economy)

Answer 11

Those who are on A’s they leave with little help as they are doing well, those on U’s are left to fail while D’s are given the most attention to make the a-c for the league table.

Question 12

Lacey (subcultures)

Answer 12

Those put in low streams, chose to go against the school.

Question 13

Woods ( pupil response)

Answer 13

Ingratiation- teachers pet
Ritualism- going through the motions and staying out of trouble
Retreatism- daydreaming and mucking about
Rebellion- reject what the school stands for.

Question 14

Habitus

Answer 14

learnt ways of thinking and acting

Question 15

Nike identities

Answer 15

society looked down on them as they didn’t fit in so they created their own styles