class differences (external)

Question 1

what are the things that determine class?

Answer 1

social network
level of education
hobbies
saving and occupation

Question 2

what is cultural deprivation?

Answer 2

when a pupil may lack a resource that could potentially benefit their educational achievement

Question 3

what is cultural capital?

Answer 3

the social assets of a person

Question 4

what are the cultural equipments?

Answer 4

language, self discipline and reasoning skills

Question 5

what did Douglas (1964) find out on intellectual development?

Answer 5

found that working class homes lack educational toys and books that would help stimulate a child intellectual development

Question 6

what do bereiter and englemann (1966) claim on language?

Answer 6

claim that language in working class homes is poor as they communicate by disjoined phrases.
As a result working class children fail to develop the necessary language and grow up incapable

Question 7

what did douglas (1964) find on attitudes and values

Answer 7

that working class parents placed less value on education and therefore encouraged their children less

Question 8

what did feinstein (1988) find on attitudes and values

Answer 8

lack of interest was the main reason for their child’s underachievement

Question 9

what are sugarman’s (1970) features of working class subcultures?

Answer 9

Fatalism: whatever will be will be

Collectivism: more important to be part of a group than succeed as an individual

Immediate gratification: seek pleasure now rather than making sacrifices to get rewards later on

Present-time orientation: present more important than future, no long term goals.

Question 10

what is material deprivation?

Answer 10

the inability to afford basic resources and services such as food or heating

Question 11

what does the material deprivation THEORY refer to?

Answer 11

poverty and a lack of material necessities such as housing and income leading to underachievement in school

Question 12

how can housing be material deprivation?

Answer 12

1. overcrowding (makes it hard to study and could have difficulty sleeping)
2. lack of space can lead to poor development
3. can affect health and welfare

Question 13

how can diet & health be material deprivation?

Answer 13

1. poorer homes have poorer nutrition which affects health (leads to absences and poor concentration)

Question 14

how can financial support be material deprivation

Answer 14

1. Lack of it means children cannot go on school trips or buy needed supplies (hidden costs of education)
2. Poorer children may have to have hand-me-downs which could lead to bullying
3. Young people may have to take up jobs which could decrease their concentration in school and their work

Question 15

Name the evaluation points of the Material Factors

Answer 15

1. Deterministic: children from poorer homes do succeed so material deprivation is only a part of the explanation
   (Not all middle class children succeed even with the advantages)
2. Religious and political values can influence whether a child is successful or not despite poverty

Question 16

what does keddie (1973) argue about cultural deprivation?

Answer 16

Sees it as a myth and as victim blaming

Question 17

What do Tronya and Williams (1986) argue about language

Answer 17

Argue that language isnt problematic but the schools attitude towards it

Question 18

What does Mortimore (1984) find on parents attitudes?

Answer 18

found that parents were interested in their childs education but could not attend parents evening due to work hours and lack of knowledge of the education system