class differences (external) Flashcards
what are the things that determine class?
social network
level of education
hobbies
saving and occupation
what is cultural deprivation?
when a pupil may lack a resource that could potentially benefit their educational achievement
what is cultural capital?
the social assets of a person
what are the cultural equipments?
language, self discipline and reasoning skills
what did Douglas (1964) find out on intellectual development?
found that working class homes lack educational toys and books that would help stimulate a child intellectual development
what do bereiter and englemann (1966) claim on language?
claim that language in working class homes is poor as they communicate by disjoined phrases.
As a result working class children fail to develop the necessary language and grow up incapable
what did douglas (1964) find on attitudes and values
that working class parents placed less value on education and therefore encouraged their children less
what did feinstein (1988) find on attitudes and values
lack of interest was the main reason for their child’s underachievement
what are sugarman’s (1970) features of working class subcultures?
Fatalism: whatever will be will be
Collectivism: more important to be part of a group than succeed as an individual
Immediate gratification: seek pleasure now rather than making sacrifices to get rewards later on
Present-time orientation: present more important than future, no long term goals.
what is material deprivation?
the inability to afford basic resources and services such as food or heating
what does the material deprivation THEORY refer to?
poverty and a lack of material necessities such as housing and income leading to underachievement in school
how can housing be material deprivation?
- overcrowding (makes it hard to study and could have difficulty sleeping)
- lack of space can lead to poor development
- can affect health and welfare
how can diet & health be material deprivation?
- poorer homes have poorer nutrition which affects health (leads to absences and poor concentration)
how can financial support be material deprivation
- Lack of it means children cannot go on school trips or buy needed supplies (hidden costs of education)
- Poorer children may have to have hand-me-downs which could lead to bullying
- Young people may have to take up jobs which could decrease their concentration in school and their work
Name the evaluation points of the Material Factors
- Deterministic: children from poorer homes do succeed so material deprivation is only a part of the explanation
(Not all middle class children succeed even with the advantages) - Religious and political values can influence whether a child is successful or not despite poverty