class difference in attainment Flashcards
working class:
- individuals engaged in manual work, often having low levels of educational achievements
- traditional working-class jobs include heavy labouring and factory-based work
- blue collar jobs/workers
middle class:
- individuals engaged in non-manual work, often having higher levels of educational achievement
- classic middle-class jobs include everything from doctors and lawyers to clerical workers
- known as white collar jobs
upper class:
the elite class that controls the majority of wealth and power in british society
economic capital
a combination of household income, household savings and the value of the house owned
cultural capital
- the level of engagement in ‘highbrow’ and ’emerging’ culture
- the amount of ‘Highbrow’ culture people consumed is measured by scoring how engaged they were with classical music, attending stately homes, etc
- how much ’emerging’ cultural capital people owned was measured by scoring engagement with video games, a preference for pop culture, etc
social capital
the average status or importance of people’s social contacts and the number of occupations people said they knew (connections)
external factors
factors outside the education system such as family background and home and wider society
- e.g, material deprivation, cultural deprivation theory, cultural capital
internal factors
factors within the schools and education system, such as interactions between pupils and teachers and inequalities between schools
- e.g, labelling, steaming, pupil subculture and class identities
attainment gap:
the gap between those in the lower levels of the class structure and those above them
differential educational attainment
achievement in education differs according to social class, gender and ethnicity
differential educational attainment
achievement in education differs according to social class, gender and ethnicity
free shool meals
where children whose families are on lower incomes, are entitled to free
school meals
- e.g, the income threshold for FSM is £26,300 for families outside of London with 2 or more children
pupil premium
where all children who currently qualify for free school meals, based on
their family circumstances, are entitled to pupil premium
- funding is given to schools, allocated to these children to be used to
enhance their attainment
material deprivation
lacking access to essential items and activities
labelling
to label someone is to attach a meaning or definition
to them
- e.g, a teacher may label a pupil as bright or as a
troublemaker - labelling can be positive or negative
