Class Characteristics/Mechanisms

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle Relanxants

Answer 1

2 Categories:
Neuromuscular blockers
Spasmolytics

Question 2

Neuromuscular blockers broad actions

Answer 2

Either
Depolarizing
Nondepolarizing or competitive antagonists

Question 3

Spasmolytics broad actions

Answer 3

Centrally acting or

Peripherally acting

Question 4

Neuromuscular blocking competitive agonists mechanism of action

Answer 4

Block nicotinic receptors by and block ACh from activating them- causes flaccid paralysis

Question 5

Neuromuscular blocking depolarizing agents mechanism of action

Answer 5

Bind to nicotinic receptors and activate them causing prolonged depolarization of motor end plate- causes temporary fasciculation of skeletal muscle.

Question 6

Centrally acting spasmolytics mechanism of action

Answer 6

Inhibit the postsynaptic stretch reflex by mimicking inhibitory GABA neurotransmitter.- works as a GABA stimulation on the motor fiber- can depress the CNS as a sedative

Question 7

Peripherally acting spasmolytics mechanism of action

Answer 7

Unknown- believed to act on the brainstem- relief of acute muscle spasm but produces drowsiness and anti-muscarinic side effects

Question 8

Special spasmolytic Dantrolene (Dantrium) mechanism of action

Answer 8

Inhibits the release of Calcium from sarcophagi count reticulum in skeletal muscle.

Question 9

Special spasmolytic Botulinum Toxin mechanism of action

Answer 9

Inhibits the release of ACh at NMJ

Question 10

Bone resorption inhibitor characteristics

Answer 10

Prevents bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts by:
Preventing attachment of osteoclast precursor cells to bone OR
Decreases the metabolic activity of osteoclasts

Question 11

Prevention of osteoporosis in 4 ways

Answer 11

Increase calcium absorption in the intestine
Inhibits bone resorption by suppressing osteoclast activity
Suppress bone resorption
Replace minerals lost in bone resorption

Question 12

Centrally acting Analgesics- 2 types

Answer 12

Narcotic

Non-Narcotic

Question 13

Narcotic mechanism of action

Answer 13

Stimulate opiate receptors in the thalamus

Question 14

Non-Narcotic mechanism of action

Answer 14

Block enzymes responsible for producing prostaglandins and other chemical transmitters- often used in congruence with narcotic analgesics

Question 15

What are the Opiate receptor principles?

Answer 15

Inhibitory to G-protein coupled receptors
Respond like endogenous opioids with 3 different types:
Delta
Kappa
Mu

Question 16

What are the Opiate action principles?

Answer 16

Analgesia
Sedation
Respiratory Depression
Decreased Peristalsis
Miosis
Tolerance
Addiction