Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adventure in Classical Music > Class cards > Flashcards

Class cards Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Earliest forms of music?

A

Church music. Anything passed down in the oral tradition
Eventually it was written down, giving us that history
That happened in the middle ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

History of Rock N Roll Origins (3)

A

1953 was the start
Pop music (Broadway/tin pan alley)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

History of Rock N Roll Characteristics from Origins

A

Softness
Sung by a trained Singer
Back up (a chorus or orchestra)
Smooth lyrical ballads
Example Nat King Cole (Mona Lisa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

History of Rock N Roll Origin from Country/Western Characteristics

A

More prominent rhythms (steel guitar and vocal yodal)
Electric pedal, guitar, bass, acoustic
Uncomplicated meter and harmony
Few chords
Simple phrases/structure
No drums–until later
Examples Roy Rogers, Dale Evans
Example, Hank Williams, “Your Cheatin Heart”
Eddy Arnold, “Bouquet of Roses”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

History of Rock N Roll Origin from Rhythm and Blues

A

Biggest influence
Hard driving rhythm
Acoustic and electric guitar, piano drums, saxophone
Harmonies and few chords
Ex: Bessie Smith, “Lost Your Head Blues”
Ex: Memphis Slim, “All By Myself”
Ex: Joe Turner, “Roll’Em Pete”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

12 Bar Blues

A

Made up the largest percentage of blues songs
Each verse is 12 bars and doesn’t veer from the pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Start of Rock N Roll Movie

A

Movie Blackboard Jungle’s soundtrack
With songs like “Rock Around the Clock” which has the 12 bar blues format
This movie was very popular, thus introing public to the new style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who popularized Rock N Roll?

A

Elvis Presley
He was young and cool and thus had universal appeal
Honorable mention to Chuck Berry who intro’d the electric guitar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beach Boys influence in Rock N Roll?

A

“Surfin Safari”, which uses the 12 bar blues
“Surfin USA” has 3 chords
Brought Rock N Roll to surfing groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beatles influence in Rock N Roll?

A

Did soft rock, R & B, Rock N Roll
Irregular phrase structure
Less usual timbre
More complex texture
Novel meter/rhythm
Sophisticated harmonies
Not new tricks to Classics and Broadway, but brought more complexity to Rock N Roll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rock N Roll pre-60s

A

Silly words
Simple melodies
Short songs
Loud and fast
Enjoyable music
Lots of Reps
3-Chord harmonies
but after 60s there were no limits
Beatles leading the change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Folk Rock

A

Blend of Flock and Rock N Roll
The Byrds and Mr. Tamourine Man are two influential bands
Blend of folk and traditional guitars can be heard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Music

A

interaction of time and pitch where time is rhythm and pitch is melody/harmony/both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rhythm

A

Accents that appear in a particular pattern
Meter–the beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Melody

A

Musically satisfying notes
A succession of tones grasped by the mind as a significant pattern
Its horizontal or on the x axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metric

A

steady rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Timbre

A

Or tone quality
Pronounced tamber
Can be by type (vibrating string, skin stretched over a barrel, air column with a cylinder) or attack characteristic (scraping of bow on strings, struck by a mallet, lips on a mouthpiece)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tempo

A

Speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dynamics

A

Loudness or softness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aural memory

A

Listen and remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Duple rhythm

A

rhythm in 2/4 or every other word/beat stressed
Hand gesture is up and down
Also beats
Part of simple meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Triple meter

A

Stress of beat/word is on the third
triangular hand gesture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Quarter note

A

Solid line and one ball sticking out to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Whole note

A

Circle with hole in middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Half note

A

Single stem, with hollow ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eighth note

A

one flag on stem and solid ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sixteenth note

A

Two flags on stem and solid ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Whole rest

A

Solid square hanging on second top line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Half rest

A

Solid square sticking up on third line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Quarter rest

A

Squiggly line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Eighth rest

A

Diagonal line with ball on top left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sixteenth rest

A

Diagonal line with two balls on top left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Quadruple meter

A

4/4, with 4 quarter notes as basis
Type of simple meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Compound meter

A

Meter is divided into 3 parts
6/8 or 12/8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Simple meter

A

Meter is divided into two parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Downbeat

A

Strong beat in the meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Upbeat

A

Weaker beat in the meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Additive meter

A

When the subdivisions of the beat are in a combination of 2 or 3
Combination of duple or triple meter
Like 5/4 time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Syncopation

A

Unexpected accent or series of accents upsets the regular pulse or momentum of music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Non-metric

A

No discernable rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Poly-rhythm

A

Combinations of different types of rhythm
Like a duple and compound in the same piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Largo

A

Type of tempo
Very slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Adagio

A

Type of tempo
Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Andante

A

Type of tempo
moderately slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Moderato

A

Type of tempo
medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Allegro

A

Type of tempo
very fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Presto

A

Type of tempo
very, very fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Vivace

A

Type of tempo
the fastest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Accellerando

A

To speed up the tempo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Ritardando

A

To slow down the tempo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Dynamics

A

Volume of the piece
P=piano or soft
F=forte or loud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Pianissimo

A

pp very soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Mezzo piano

A

mp medium soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Mezzo forte

A

mf medium loud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Fortissimo

A

ff very loud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Fortississim

A

fff even louder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Crescendo

A

Growing louder

58
Q

Decrescendo or Diminuendo

A

Growing softer

59
Q

Contour

A

How the melody can rise or fall

60
Q

Shape

A

How the melody can be round or jagged

61
Q

Range

A

How the melody can have a wide, medium or narrow range of sound

62
Q

Type of ovement

A

Melody’s can be conjunct or disjunct

63
Q

Pitch

A

Highness or lowness of tone measured by its frequency

64
Q

Key note or Tonic

A

Key of the song

65
Q

Key note or Tonic

A

Key of the song
Builder for chords

66
Q

Scale

A

Arrangement of pitches that ascends and descends
Majors and Minors

67
Q

Distance between keys

A

Is 1 half steps
2 halfs make a whole

68
Q

Chromatic scale

A

Scale using both white and black keys on the piano

69
Q

C Major

A

whole, whole, half, whole, whole whole, half

70
Q

Minor scale arrangement

A

Whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole

71
Q

Change of mode

A

change from major to minor or minor to major but in the same tone or with the same key

72
Q

Change of mode

A

change from major to minor or minor to major but in the same tone or with the same key

73
Q

Conjunct

A

notes are connected, not much distance, so feels smooth

74
Q

Disjunt

A

Notes are separated giving a disjointed feel

75
Q

Intervals

A

Relationship between pitches
Measured by steps between intervals
An octave is an interval and has 8 scale tones

76
Q

Octave

A

8 notes above initial pitch

77
Q

Chord

A

Intervals played together

78
Q

Harmony

A

Notes playing at the same time
On the y axis

79
Q

Antecedent phrase

A

An unfinished or incomplete melody and harmonic progression
Leaves us hanging

80
Q

Harmonic progression

A

Certain progression of chords
Support melody
Set up cadences
They are often in the same order

81
Q

Cadence

A

End point of a phrase
You expect one at the end of every phrase

82
Q

Half cadence

A

A special type of cadence which follows an antecedent phrase–most commonly it is a dominant chord

83
Q

Authentic cadence

A

Ends on the tonic and ends a consequent phrase

84
Q

Consequent phrase

A

a complete or finished melody and harmonic progression
Leave us satisfied

85
Q

Functional harmony

A

Tonic to dominant to tonic again-doesn’t have to be immediate but at beginning and end of song
Basically all music written from 18-20th century uses this arrangement

86
Q

Modulation

A

The change from moving from one key to another

87
Q

Texture

A

Blend of sounds in a composition
Its another Y variable on a graph

88
Q

Monophonic

A

Type of texture
Single sound or voice–voice can be any melodic line not just the vocal but a noise
Lots of early music, like monk chants, fall into this bucket

89
Q

Polyphonic

A

Type of texture
More than one voice
Sounds all are compatible with each other
Came later in the middle ages

90
Q

Homophonic

A

Type of texture
One voice supported by other sounds or chords
Began in renaissance but really got going in Baroque

91
Q

Imitative polyphony

A

Most common type early on
2 different “voices” but the second will imitate the first and interplay with the same arcs
A bit like a round

92
Q

Non-imitative polyphony

A

2 independent melodies that however are compatible with each other

93
Q

4 properties of music

A

Pitch (melodies)
Duration (length, combinations of lengths)
Volume (intensity, loudness, softness)
Timber (unique acoustic properties of an instrument)

94
Q

Orchestra sounds–Strings

A

Violin–Soprano
Viola–Alto
Cello–Tenor/Baritone–can be in the Bass
Double-bass–Bass and also the lowest member of string family
Harp–covers everything

95
Q

Orchestra sounds–Woodwinds

A

Flute–Soprano
Piccolo–Soprano (and higher than)
Clarinet–different sounds depending on type
Saxophone–hybrid of woodwind and brass
Oboe–highest double reed instrument (reeds have a pinched sound)
English horn–Alto double reed (named derived for the french word for angle due to the mouthpiece)
Bassoon and Contrabassoon

96
Q

Orchestra sounds–Brass

A

Trumpet–highest and brightest
Trombone–only instrument that uses a slide, usually plays low and is one of the most powerful instruments
French horn–aka horn–tenor
Tuba–lowest member

97
Q

Orchestra sounds–Percussion

A

Struck instruments (usually 3 or 4 within a piece)
Timpani–drum
Snare drum
Bass drum–adds emphasis
Symbols
Piano
Triangle

98
Q

Castanets

A

clip clopping sound

99
Q

Sequence

A

melodic pattern often repeated but can be in different pitches
Often come in threes

100
Q

Ostinato

A

repeating pattern of notes or chords
Unifies
and provides harmonic structure

101
Q

Greek influence in the beginning

A

Lots of mythology with music–Hermes inventing the lyre which he gave to Apollo for his magic cows
lots of terminology: muse, chorus, hymn, lyrical, prose

102
Q

Doctrine of Ethos

A

music’s influence on us
imitation of life
inseparable from language
can strengthen feelings
molds character
plato and aristotal thought music and gymnastics could produce a well balanced person
greek plays were always set to music

103
Q

staff notation

A

invented by a monk named guido
the music notation we use today
before that they had numatic notation
both developed for the church
before that things were passed orally
up to the baroque period, we don’t really know how it was supposed to sound–its part guess work

104
Q

Early music

A

medieval, renaissance, baroque
everything up to Bach or about 1750
because there was no interest in early music–lots of info was lost

105
Q

Renaissance music time

A

1500

106
Q

Baroque music time

A

1600–1750

107
Q

Classical music time

A

1750-1800

108
Q

Romantic music time

A

1850-1900

109
Q

20th century music time

A

1950 on

110
Q

Middle ages music–2 sections

A

Dark ages–476 CE to 10th century
we don’t know much about the music then
10th to 14th–gothic period or high middle ages

111
Q

church’s early music philosophy

A

must be for the glorification of god
can’t have your ego
must bow to church
must teach about church–which instrumental cannot do so that was unexpectable
nothing to encourage dancing because you can’t move your body

112
Q

Plainchant

A

monophonic–one line, a melody with no other accompaniment
Thousands/tens of thousands of these preserved
No secular or instrumental music survived

113
Q

A cappella

A

Means ‘in chapel’
AKA voice only because instruments weren’t allowed in church

114
Q

Syllabic

A

One note per syllable

115
Q

Neumatic

A

2-4 notes per syllable

116
Q

Melismatic

A

Many notes per syllable

117
Q

Dies Irae

A

using plainchant combined with other music

118
Q

Gothic period

A

Start of banking system
Start of education system
Musicians start taking credit for their music

119
Q

Plainchant evolving

A

Writing a new line of music in parallel with plainchant–so you have two sounds layered in synchrony
AKA parallel organum which led to free organum
Which led to florid or melismatic organum

120
Q

Florid or melismatic organum

A

plainchant in which a new voice is added above the original voice, moving faster than the original plainchant line

121
Q

Notre Dame School

A

Continuing evolution of music happened here
Layering a more complicated lyrics part with original plainchant played by musicians
Became known as Old Art

122
Q

Early secular music

A

Performed by minstrels and jugglers
Starting in 9th century
Performed long epic poems

123
Q

Troubadours

A

Unlike minstrels and jugglers who sang mainly in Latin, these singers sang the poems in their own languages so they were understood

124
Q

Hocket

A

Where the flow of a melody is interrupted

125
Q

Guillaume de Mchaut

A

Ordained priest
Most known church composer of his time
But also was a famous secular composer
And well known poet
Ranked with Chaucer

126
Q

Key instruments of middle ages

A

Mainly wood instruments–handmade, all unique, difficult to play and tune
Trumpet (cornetto)
Shawm (obo)
Sackbut (trombone)

127
Q

14th Century

A

Lots of unrest in church like the Great Schism (39 years, with 2 popes), sex scandals, corruption, levying taxes on followers
Hundreds Years War was happening
The black plague was sweeping through–lack of serfs to work, which meant landholders were vying workers with higher pay, which led to attempts to limit serf movement, for which led to the peasants revolt
All in all, not the same blind following of the church as there had been up to this point and kings got more power

128
Q

16th Century

A

The reformation!
Power of the church is broken
Martin Luther–Lutheranism
Henry the 8th–Anglican
John Calvin–Calvinist
Dante, Chaucer, poke fun at church
Its time to enjoy life

129
Q

Greek humanist ideals (renaissance)

A

Pursue enjoyment of life for its own sake–greek and roman revival
Everyone goes crazy for all things Greek like art, texts, music

130
Q

15th century music

A

Scholars wonder why their own music isn’t as moving as the Greeks was
They start to wonder if they can recreate it, but have no models
Pythagoras’ musical theories help them

131
Q

Pythagoras’ musical theories

A

Discovers the overtone series (harmonic series)
Why some musical notes sound better together

132
Q

Renaissance beginnings–the overtone series

A

Premise that all sounds are produced by vibrating bodies producing sound waves
Wave patterns
Irregular patterns=noise
Regular pattern=musical tone
Any fundamental tone is made up of a bunch of overlapping overtones to make up a note

133
Q

Polyphony

A

Layering music on top of each other

134
Q

Early renaissance sound

A

Start caring about dissonance–how we are layering different sounds and how they match up
Having sounds moving towards or away from each other
Emphasis on understanding sung words so not having them obscured by the music itself
14th and 15th centuries

135
Q

Hererophony

A

One instrument leads while another backs it up with embellishments
Often seen in Jazz music

136
Q

Counterpoint/Contrapuntal

A

Polyphony/polyphonic
point against point (note against note)

137
Q

Imitative polyphony

A

Imitative–individual voices overlapping each other
Like a round
Strict (round) (counterpoint - because it goes full circle it goes on forever
Non-strict - more common, stays in one style but only within the specific cord

138
Q

Most Renaissance composer

A

Josquin des Prez

139
Q

3 types of mass

A

cantus firmus mass (tenor - plainchant)
paraphrase mass (music goes through a transportation, giving plainchant with rhythm)
imitation mass (uses popular song tunes as jumping off point)

140
Q

Musica Reservata

A

matching emotions with musical text
text intelligibility–emotions over words

141
Q

Madrigal

A

A type of song known for the renaissance period
common theme is unrequited love

Adventure in Classical Music (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions