Class and Educational Achievement ( EXTERNAL FACTORS ) - 1. Cultural Deprivation

Question 1

How do Cultural deprivation theorists think we acquire our value and attitudes?

Answer 1

Through primary socialisation

Question 2

What do some Cultural Deprivation theorists think about working class and socialising their children?

Answer 2

• The W/C don’t socialise their children adequately - therefore culturally deprived

Question 3

What are the 3 Key Ideas about Cultural Deprivation?

Answer 3

1. LANGUAGE
2. PARENT’S EDUCATION
3. WORKING CLASS SUBCULTURE

Question 4

What did Hubbs-Tait say about Less Educated Parents and Language?

Answer 4

Less educated parents that tend to use language that only requires SIMPLE DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTS results in LOWER PERFORMANCE

Question 5

What did Feinstein say about Educated Parents and Language?

Answer 5

Educated parents more likely to use more CHALLENGING LANGUAGE.

Question 6

What did Bereiter & Englelemen say about Language of the Lower Class?

Answer 6

Language used in lower class homes is DEFICIENT.

Fail to develop necessary language skills

Incapable of abstract thinking

Question 7

What are the 2 Speech Codes that Bernstein distinguished that explained the relationship between speech patterns and codes.

Answer 7

• Restricted Code

- Elaborated code

Question 8

What are 3 Characteristics of Restricted Code and who is it used by?

Answer 8

• Short
• Grammatically simple
• Limited use of adjectives & adverbs
• BOTH M/C & W/C

Question 9

What are 2 Characteristics of Elaborated Code and who is it used by?

Answer 9

• Verbalises MEANINGS
• Provides EXPLANATION
• Only used by M/C
• Used by teacher,textbooks,exams

Question 10

What is the link between W/C failing at school and speech codes?

Answer 10

W/C fail as school FAILS TO TEACH how to USE the ELABORATED CODE

Question 11

What does Douglas say about W/C parents and education?

Answer 11

W/C parents place LESS VALUE on education
LESS AMBITION
LESS ENCOURAGED
LESS INTERESTED

Question 12

What does Feinstein think is the most important factor affecting children’s achievement

Answer 12

Parent’s own education

Question 13

What does Educated Parents & Less Educated Parents’ parent style emphasise?

Answer 13

Educated Parenting Style = CONSISTENT DISCIPLINE, HIGH EXPECTATIONS, encourage active learning

Less Educated Parenting Style = HARSH or INCONSISTENT DISCIPLINE, ‘ do as you’re told ‘ , ‘ behave yourself ‘

Question 14

Describe characteristics of Educated Parents on education

Answer 14

• MORE AWARE of what’s needed to assist child’s educational progress
• BETTER ABLE to get ADVICE
• MORE SUCCESSFUL in establishing GOOD RELATIONSHIPS with teachers

Question 15

Describe the uses of Income of Better Educated Parents

Answer 15

Spend their HIGHER INCOMES in ways that PROMOTE their CHILD’S EDUCATION SUCCESS

Better understanding of nutrition , buy more nutritious foods

Question 16

What did Bernstein & Young say about the use of income of M/C Mother’s and W/C Homes

Answer 16

M/C Mother’s more likely to buy EDUCATIONAL TOYS, books that ENCOURAGE reasoning skills and stimulate intellectual development

W/C homes more likely to LACK these RESOURCES, meaning children start school without the intellectual skills needed to progress.

Question 17

What did Feinstein think about Parental education and it’s influences on children’s achievement

Answer 17

Parental educated HAS an influence on children’s achievement REGARDLESS of class or income

Question 18

What is the working class subculture

Answer 18

• Lack of interest in children’s education
• Different goals, attitudes and values from the rest of society

Question 19

What are Sugarman’s 4 Key Features that act as a barrier in W/C subculture

Answer 19

1. FATALISM
2. COLLECTIVISM
3. IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION
4. PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION

Question 20

What is Fatalism?

Answer 20

BELIEF IN FATE - nothing you can do to change your status

Question 21

What is COLLECTIVISM?

Answer 21

Value being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual

Question 22

What is IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION?

Answer 22

SEEKING PLEASURE NOW rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future

Question 23

What is PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION ?

Answer 23

Seeing the PRESENT as MORE IMPORTANT than the future

Question 24

What does Compensatory Education aim to do?

name an example

Answer 24

Aimed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation

E.g. Operation Head-start USA

Question 25

What was KEDDIE’S argument AGAINST Cultural Deprivation?

Answer 25

He dismissed idea that failure can be blamed on a cult rly deprived home background

Said FAILURE was due to SYSTEM DOMINATED BY MIDDLE CLASS VALUES

Children were CULTURALLY DIFFERENT , not deprived

Question 26

What was Tronya & Williams argument against Cultural Deprivation to do with language?

Answer 26

Problem ISN’T child’s language

BUT school’s attitude towards it

Question 27

What was Blackstone & Mortimore’s argument against Cultural Deprivation to do with parents evenings ?

Answer 27

W/C parents don’t ATTEND FEWER PARENTS EVENINGS because of a lack of interest but due to WORKING LONGER