Class and Educational Achievement ( EXTERNAL FACTORS ) - 1. Cultural Deprivation Flashcards
How do Cultural deprivation theorists think we acquire our value and attitudes?
Through primary socialisation
What do some Cultural Deprivation theorists think about working class and socialising their children?
- The W/C don’t socialise their children adequately - therefore culturally deprived
What are the 3 Key Ideas about Cultural Deprivation?
- LANGUAGE
- PARENT’S EDUCATION
- WORKING CLASS SUBCULTURE
What did Hubbs-Tait say about Less Educated Parents and Language?
Less educated parents that tend to use language that only requires SIMPLE DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTS results in LOWER PERFORMANCE
What did Feinstein say about Educated Parents and Language?
Educated parents more likely to use more CHALLENGING LANGUAGE.
What did Bereiter & Englelemen say about Language of the Lower Class?
Language used in lower class homes is DEFICIENT.
Fail to develop necessary language skills
Incapable of abstract thinking
What are the 2 Speech Codes that Bernstein distinguished that explained the relationship between speech patterns and codes.
- Restricted Code
- Elaborated code
What are 3 Characteristics of Restricted Code and who is it used by?
- Short
- Grammatically simple
- Limited use of adjectives & adverbs
- BOTH M/C & W/C
What are 2 Characteristics of Elaborated Code and who is it used by?
- Verbalises MEANINGS
- Provides EXPLANATION
- Only used by M/C
- Used by teacher,textbooks,exams
What is the link between W/C failing at school and speech codes?
W/C fail as school FAILS TO TEACH how to USE the ELABORATED CODE
What does Douglas say about W/C parents and education?
W/C parents place LESS VALUE on education
LESS AMBITION
LESS ENCOURAGED
LESS INTERESTED
What does Feinstein think is the most important factor affecting children’s achievement
Parent’s own education
What does Educated Parents & Less Educated Parents’ parent style emphasise?
Educated Parenting Style = CONSISTENT DISCIPLINE, HIGH EXPECTATIONS, encourage active learning
Less Educated Parenting Style = HARSH or INCONSISTENT DISCIPLINE, ‘ do as you’re told ‘ , ‘ behave yourself ‘
Describe characteristics of Educated Parents on education
- MORE AWARE of what’s needed to assist child’s educational progress
- BETTER ABLE to get ADVICE
- MORE SUCCESSFUL in establishing GOOD RELATIONSHIPS with teachers
Describe the uses of Income of Better Educated Parents
Spend their HIGHER INCOMES in ways that PROMOTE their CHILD’S EDUCATION SUCCESS
Better understanding of nutrition , buy more nutritious foods
What did Bernstein & Young say about the use of income of M/C Mother’s and W/C Homes
M/C Mother’s more likely to buy EDUCATIONAL TOYS, books that ENCOURAGE reasoning skills and stimulate intellectual development
W/C homes more likely to LACK these RESOURCES, meaning children start school without the intellectual skills needed to progress.
What did Feinstein think about Parental education and it’s influences on children’s achievement
Parental educated HAS an influence on children’s achievement REGARDLESS of class or income
What is the working class subculture
- Lack of interest in children’s education
- Different goals, attitudes and values from the rest of society
What are Sugarman’s 4 Key Features that act as a barrier in W/C subculture
- FATALISM
- COLLECTIVISM
- IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION
- PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION
What is Fatalism?
BELIEF IN FATE - nothing you can do to change your status
What is COLLECTIVISM?
Value being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual
What is IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION?
SEEKING PLEASURE NOW rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future
What is PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION ?
Seeing the PRESENT as MORE IMPORTANT than the future
What does Compensatory Education aim to do?
name an example
Aimed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation
E.g. Operation Head-start USA
What was KEDDIE’S argument AGAINST Cultural Deprivation?
He dismissed idea that failure can be blamed on a cult rly deprived home background
Said FAILURE was due to SYSTEM DOMINATED BY MIDDLE CLASS VALUES
Children were CULTURALLY DIFFERENT , not deprived
What was Tronya & Williams argument against Cultural Deprivation to do with language?
Problem ISN’T child’s language
BUT school’s attitude towards it
What was Blackstone & Mortimore’s argument against Cultural Deprivation to do with parents evenings ?
W/C parents don’t ATTEND FEWER PARENTS EVENINGS because of a lack of interest but due to WORKING LONGER
