Class Achievement Ext.

Question 1

External factors

Answer 1

Material Deprivation, Cultural Deprivation, Cultural Capital

Question 2

Bernstein (CD)

Answer 2

Speech Codes (restricted and elaborate code)-

Working-class students are disadvantaged due to the fact that teachers, textbooks and exams all use the elaborate code which consists of more complex and sophistacated language.

MC students are at an advantage due to early socialization to the elaborate code and will therefore outperform WC students.

Question 3

Douglas (CD)

Answer 3

Working- Class parents have less value on education.

The parent are less ambitious for their children to achieve high grades and give less encouragement for them to participate in educational activities.

Question 4

Sugarmann (CD)

Answer 4

Working-class subcultures.

Identifies 4 key acts that act as a barrier to educational achievent for wc students. These 4 keys are Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate Gratification, Present Time Orientation

Question 5

Fatalism

Answer 5

Unable to change your social status

Question 6

Collectivism

Answer 6

Valuing being in a group more that being an individual.

Question 7

Immediate Gratification

Answer 7

Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices now in order to get reward in the future.

Question 8

Present Time Orientation

Answer 8

Seeing the present as more important than the future, therefore having no long-term goals.

Question 9

Housing (MD)

Answer 9

Poor housing may directly and indirectly lead to underachievemnt.
Overcrowding- restricts educational achievements, disturbed sleep, higher risk of getting ill.
Temporary accomodation leads them to have more tranquility, leading to disturbed education.

Question 10

Diet (MD)

Answer 10

Children from poorer households have less income of energy, vitamins and minerals. Lack of nutrients may effect their immune stystem causing the to become ill easier and have more absences from school.