Class 6 - Nursing Interventions & Chronic Illness/ Capillary Blood Glucose Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

define blood glucose

A

the sugar that is transported through the bloodstream to supply energy to the cells

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2
Q

define hyperglycemia

A

to much glucose in the bloodstream:

more than 7 heading towards hyperglycemia

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3
Q

define HgB A1c

A

this test measures what percentage of hemoglobin is coated with sugar (glycated) over the past 3-4 months

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4
Q

define hypoglycemia

A

not enough glucose in the bloodstream;
less than 4 heading towards hypoglycemia
(2.5 is severe hypoglycemia)

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5
Q

define ketoacidosis

A

a complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. This develops when the body is unable to produce enough insulin. This lowers the bodies pH level.

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6
Q

define ketones

A

a product of the breakdown of fatty acids

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7
Q

what is glycogen and where is it stored

A

it is the unused glucose and is stored in the liver

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8
Q

what is the role of glucagon in the body

A

to prevent glucose levels from getting to low in the bloodstream

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9
Q

what is the role of insulin in the body

A

Insulin helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy.

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10
Q

what is hypodermocylsis

A

It is the subcutaneous administration of fluids to the body. It is usually done when a person is to sick to eat or drink anything
- often in the form of saline or a glucose
solution
- can be used where a slow fluid rate is
required
- limited to 1mL per minute but more sites can
be used if more fluid is required

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11
Q

what are the advantages of hypodermocylsis

A
  • it is cheaper than an IV
  • can be administered by non-medical personnel with
    minimal supervision
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12
Q

when would you use hypodermocylsis

A
  • multiple symtoms to control
  • end of life hydration
  • less disruption to family and patient
  • easily managed in home or LTC environment
  • increased comfort for patient
  • good if patient is unable to tolerate enteral
    routes
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13
Q

what is the nurses responsibilities

A
  • being able to advise the patient of the
    advantages of the infusion
  • monitoring s/c site
  • monitoring for effects r/t medication
  • being able to provide patient, family and
    other HCP teaching r/t s/c infusion
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14
Q

as the nurse what are you going to monitor in a s/c butterfly infusion

A

Insertion site:
- signs and symptoms of infection
- leaking/redness/exudates/localized pain
tenderness, hardness, burning, inflammation,
swelling/coolness/unresolved blanching or
necrosis, scarring
- occlusion of catheter with med admin
- correct labelling
- following facility policies with regard to
changing of site ex: q 7 days (14 days in
palliative care) or until compromised
- IF hypodermoclysis is infusing: all of the
above plus pooling of fluid/changes in drip
rate/fluid overload symptoms

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15
Q

what is the standard needle gauge for s/c butterfly catheters

A

24 gauge

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16
Q

what are the preferred sites for s/c butterfly catheters

A
abdomen
upper arm
upper scapula
anterior upper thighs
anterior upper chest
***avoid breast tissue and axilla areas***
17
Q

what is the prime for a s/c butterfly catheter

A

prime as per manufacturers instructions

18
Q

how many medications can you put into a s/c butterfly catheter and can all medications be given s/c

A

only one medication per catheter can be used and no not all meds can be given by s/c catheter (ex: beta blockers or antibiotics)

19
Q

what is the maximum amount of medication that can be put in the catheter per time

A

2.5mL maximum if doing an infusion; otherwise a maximum of 2mL per site if injected. If more is required insert another catheter

20
Q

Inserting a s/c butterfly catheter. How is it done

A
  1. wash hands
  2. draw up the amot of medication plus 0.4 mL
    to prime the tubing
  3. select a site:
    • subclavicular area (not breast or axilla
      tissue)
    • abdomen
    • anterior thigh
  4. cleanse skin with alcohol swab in a
    circular motion and allow to dry for 1 min
  5. hold needle in dominant hand, remove
    guard; ensure you can see the bevel is
    facing up
  6. gently raise skin with thumb and index finger
    of your non dominant hand
  7. gently and firmly insert needle at a 30-45
    degree angle
  8. release skin and allow butterfly wings to lay
    flat
  9. cover butterfly needle site with a transparent
    dressing. Put the date, med name, med
    concentration and your initials on the
    dressing
  10. secure the tubing near the dressing to the
    skin with tape, ensuring that the tubing is
    not kinked.
21
Q

what is the normal range for a glucose reading

A

4 to 7

  • anything under 2.5 is severe hypoglycemic
  • anything over 7.5 is hyperglycemic
22
Q

what can be given to someone that is hypoglycemic to increase their sugars quickly

A
  • honey
  • 3 teaspoons of sugar
  • juice
  • glucose/sugar tablets
23
Q

how do you know when a butterfly s/c site is not good anymore

A
  • you see leakage or discharge

- the is induration (hard ridges around the site)

24
Q

what are the preferred sites for insulin injections

A

abdomen first
then upper arm
then thigh

25
Q

what is the difference btw insulins

A

the clear insulin does not have the added protein in it to give it the long lasting effect of the cloudy insulin NPH.

insulin R is the short acting (give 1/2 hr before meals)
insulin HPH is the long lasting