Class 4- syndromes Flashcards
What did Nulman et al (2007) say about “ In utero exposure to alcohol”?
That it “is among the most common causes for congenital brain injury and neuro-behavioural problems in children”
What are some of the effects of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?
- Low-average to low IQ
- Poor adaptive functioning
- Profile of SLC needs
- Emotional, behavioural and mental health issues
- Profile of cognitive impairments (attention/executive
functioning)
What is Fragile X syndrome?
- A syndrome caused by a full gene mutation
- Most common inherited form of ID
- Highly variable presentation (depends on genetics)
- Affects males more than females
What are some of the effects of Fragile X syndrome?
- Cognition: mild/severe impairment, especially in
attention, executive functioning and memory - Behaviour: hyperactivity, self injury, aggression and
repetitive behaviours - Speech and Language: Pragmatic difficulties, echolalia,
bursts of cluttering, perseveration, delay
In Downs Syndrome, what are some of the speech language and communication strengths and challenges?
STRENGTHS:
- Social engagement
- Visual learning/ reading
- Imitation
- Use of signs and gestures
- Vocabulary comprehension
WEAKNESSES:
- Speech intelligability
- Imprecise articulation
- Atypical and typical phonological processes, with
inconsistent productions
- Language (in relativity to their cognition)
- Expressive vocabulary
- Length and grammatical complexity of uterances
- Commonly have fluency disruptions
What strategies can be recommended to parents to help develop their child’s verbal comprehension?
- Talking about what your child is doing/ looking at
- Focus on learning few words at a time
- Use activities to develop memory skills
- Use gesture, symbols, pictures, toys and objects to
show meanings of words - Play matching and posting games
- Play selecting games to check understanding
What are some of the causes behind DS children having intelligibility issues?
- Medical: (e.g. recurrent Otitis media, Cranio-facial
anomalies- small oral cavity) - Developmental: (phonology, articulation, fluency)
- Cognitive: (lack of capacity to address intelligibility)
What are some key principles for speech intervention in DS?
- Differential diagnosis, to enable specific target setting
- Integrate phonological awareness, reading and speech
intervention - Help communication partners to tune in and respond
effectively - Use concepts the child already knows
(might use minimal pair, single sound and articulatory or phonological awareness approaches. Maybe even use visual biofeedback, e.g. Ultrasound)
What strategies can be recommended to parents to help develop their child’s speech skills?
- PERSIST! (it’s difficult and will require practise)
- Play listening and copying games
- Use sound cards and make sound books
- Play short, fun games to practise saying words
- Respond positively and naturally to all attempts at
sounds or words
What strategies can be recommended to parents to help develop their child’s expressive language and wider communication skills?
- Facial expression, gesture, actions and signs all help
- Give plenty of time to join in
- Interpret and reward any attempts at communication
(especially verbal attempts) - Model using spoken words and signs together
- Give choices to encourage requesting
What challenges can DS children have with their expression? What subsequent impacts can this have?
- Language (relative to cognition)
- Expressive vocabulary
- Length and grammatical complexity of utterance
- Can have impact on participation
- Signing and other AAC are recommended
