Class 3+4 Flashcards
Treatments are recorded using FIDS, which stands for
- frequency (how many times treatment or exercise is done per day/week
- intensity (the temp including dif in contrasts or degree of muscle/tissue loading, weights, reps, force, etc)
- duration (the length of time in temp exposure or stretch, days/weeks prescribed)
- specific tissue targeted/specific considerations (area of the body treated, any modifications done)
When choosing FIDS what are some questions to ask yourself (6)
have they had hydrotherapy before? what is the outcome wanted? will a mild or strong temp be more effective? how long should treatment be? is there a max time before negative outcome is likely to occur? is one time effective or is it cyclical or over several days?
Two important parts of the inflammatory response are
vasodilation, increased permeability
Stages of injury (3)
(depending on severity of injury)
acute (0-78 hrs)
sub-acute (78hrs-4weeks+)
chronic (3months-years)
Acute=___*
cold
Sub acute=____*
contrast
Chronic=____*
heat
Cold applications use ______ and activate _______
retrostasis, heat-conserving mechanisms of the body
The body has approximately ____ more cold receptors than heat receptors
20 times
Local reactions to cold (4)
vasoconstriction, decreased blood to surface/local area, decreased metabolic functions, decreased nerve conductions–>decreased sensation–>numbness
The first minute of cold causes the body to ____
sweat, shiver, vasoconstrict increasing blood pressure, increased muscle tone
If a person stops cold treatment within 1 minute the body will _____
feel invigorated due to increased metabolism from blood being directed to organs, reactive vasodilation creating the feeling of warmth
After first minute of continued cold application ______
local circulation and tissue metabolism decline, nerve conduction speed decreases, skin sensitivity decreases, blood pressure decreases, shivering, tissue elasticity decreases, pain and edema decreases, reflex effects occur to opposite limb or organs below appllication
After 12-15 minutes (>20mins) of cold treatment ____
huntings response (also occurs when tissues cool to 10*C or less)
Reflex effects are
effects occuring elsewhere in the body via the nervous system when sufficient heat/cold stimulus is applies to a local area
3 types of Reflex Effects
vasomotor/circulatory (circulatory changes from contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels)
visceromotor/muscular (smooth muscle of organs change causing movement in organ)
secretory/glandular (glandular stimulation, increased elimination mucous, hormones, enzymes)
Prolonged cold to hands and skin of scalp causes _____
contraction of blood vessels of the brain
Uses of cold (7)
reduces acute musculoskeletal trauma, limits inflammation, reduces fever, reduces most headaches, reduces muscle spasms due to analgesic effect, reduces edema, increases muscle tone
Contraindications of using cold
cold client, aversion/hypersensitivity to cold, if cold causes headache, lack of sensation to treated area, poor circulation, history of frostbite to area, diabetes, if topical analgesic cream has been applied to area, unhealed wounds, malignancy in area, implants (pacemakers, stomach bands, infusion pumps), high blood pressure, precaution over bony prominences and superficial nerves,
Caution for using cold
cold client, elderly client, young (under 8) client, superficial nerves
Using cold METH
Movement
Elevation
Traction
Heat
Using cold PEACE & LOVE
protections, elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education, load, optimism, vascularization, exercise
C-BAN
cold, burning, aching, numbness
Ice massage
ice is gently massaged over the injured area using overlapping strokes so that the entire area is covered
Duration: 5-10mins never exceed 15mins
Cold compress
folded layers of natural fibre-cloths well wrung out with cold water
Cold mitten friction
application of cold water to the skin with friction, using a wash mitt or small towel
Cold wash
the therapeutic application of a thin film of water on the skin in a uniform manner with a wrung-out-cloth
(the mildest form of all hydrotherapy modality applications)
Cold immersion (bath) effects
decreases temp, metabolism, inflammation, circulation, pain, muscle spasm
Physiological effects of heat
vasodilation, sweating, metabolic rate/heart rate/respiratory rate/oxygen supply to heated area will increase, increase in elasticity of connective tissues, decrease in muscle tone, brief will stimulate while prolonged will sedate.
General effects of heat
peripheral blood vessels dilate, perspiration increases, hyperemia/redness in skin, muscles relax, muscle spasms decrease, extensibility of muscular and scar tissue increases, ROM in joints increases, pain is reduced, relaxation in enhanced
Effects of heat on the body
vasodilation and passive derivation occurs, hyperemia occurs, increase in local metabolism (chem reac up 2-3 times for every 10*C increase), increase in demand on heart, decrease in joint stiffness, increase fascial pliability, increased pain threshold, sedative effect
Reflex effect of heat (prolonged heat >20min)
- to one extremity causes vasodilation of contralateral extremity
- to ab wall decreases intestinal blood flow & diminished intestinal motility
- to pelvis relaxes musculature of pelvic organs, dilates blood vessels increases menstrual flow
- to precordium increases heart rate, decreases force and lowers BP
- (moist) to chest promotes ease of respiration & expectoration
- to trunk relaxes the ureters or bile ducts, relieves renal/gall bladder collic
- (moist) to area over kidneys increases urine production, increased metabolism and filtration in kidneys, causes bladder to relax
Indications for heat treatment
- promote injury/wound healing (after acute stage)
- non-inflammatory muscle pain, muscle spasm
- myofascial trigger point pain
- delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
- conditions involving spasticity (most sclerosis patients don’t tolerate heat)
- chronic tendonitis
- chronic bursitis
- scars
- soft tissue contracture
- non-inflammatory joint pain
- limited joint mobility, adhesive capsulitis
- poor mobility to general
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides
- labor pain/perineal pain
- anxiety
Precautions/contraindications for heat treatments
dehydrated/overheated before treatment, acute injury/inflammation, sensory/thermoregulatory disorders, cardio/renal/respiratory disorders, diabetes/peripheral vascular disease, severe varicose veins/marked edema, caution with heat in pelvis during pregnancy, elderly and infants are sensitive to burns, burns, infections, alcohol, bleeding disorders, lupus/multiple sclerosis/parkinson’s
Disadvantages of heat
may cause swelling, can burn tissues if not monitored,
Uses of moist heat
to chest eases respiration and promotes expectoration, reduces pain, decrease muscle spasm, increases pliability of tissues, preheat for massage
Types of moist heat (6)
hydrocollator packs, thermophore, paraffin wax, hot compresses, medicated steam, herbal bath
Thermophore uses
achy/tight muscles, warming chilled client, increase tissue pliability, preheat for massage, warming sheets prior to massage, promote relaxation, enhance/maintain heat of another hydrotherapy treatment
Hydrocollar packs uses
when fast penetrating heat is wanted, increases pliability of tissues, local preheat for massage, decrease pain and nonacute muscle spasm, chronic conditions
