Class 3+4

Question 1

Treatments are recorded using FIDS, which stands for

Answer 1

• frequency (how many times treatment or exercise is done per day/week
• intensity (the temp including dif in contrasts or degree of muscle/tissue loading, weights, reps, force, etc)
• duration (the length of time in temp exposure or stretch, days/weeks prescribed)
• specific tissue targeted/specific considerations (area of the body treated, any modifications done)

Question 2

When choosing FIDS what are some questions to ask yourself (6)

Answer 2

have they had hydrotherapy before? what is the outcome wanted? will a mild or strong temp be more effective? how long should treatment be? is there a max time before negative outcome is likely to occur? is one time effective or is it cyclical or over several days?

Question 3

Two important parts of the inflammatory response are

Answer 3

vasodilation, increased permeability

Question 4

Stages of injury (3)

Answer 4

(depending on severity of injury)
acute (0-78 hrs)
sub-acute (78hrs-4weeks+)
chronic (3months-years)

Question 5

Acute=___*

Answer 5

cold

Question 6

Sub acute=____*

Answer 6

contrast

Question 7

Chronic=____*

Answer 7

heat

Question 8

Cold applications use ______ and activate _______

Answer 8

retrostasis, heat-conserving mechanisms of the body

Question 9

The body has approximately ____ more cold receptors than heat receptors

Answer 9

20 times

Question 10

Local reactions to cold (4)

Answer 10

vasoconstriction, decreased blood to surface/local area, decreased metabolic functions, decreased nerve conductions–>decreased sensation–>numbness

Question 11

The first minute of cold causes the body to ____

Answer 11

sweat, shiver, vasoconstrict increasing blood pressure, increased muscle tone

Question 12

If a person stops cold treatment within 1 minute the body will _____

Answer 12

feel invigorated due to increased metabolism from blood being directed to organs, reactive vasodilation creating the feeling of warmth

Question 13

After first minute of continued cold application ______

Answer 13

local circulation and tissue metabolism decline, nerve conduction speed decreases, skin sensitivity decreases, blood pressure decreases, shivering, tissue elasticity decreases, pain and edema decreases, reflex effects occur to opposite limb or organs below appllication

Question 14

After 12-15 minutes (>20mins) of cold treatment ____

Answer 14

huntings response (also occurs when tissues cool to 10*C or less)

Question 15

Reflex effects are

Answer 15

effects occuring elsewhere in the body via the nervous system when sufficient heat/cold stimulus is applies to a local area

Question 16

3 types of Reflex Effects

Answer 16

vasomotor/circulatory (circulatory changes from contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels)
visceromotor/muscular (smooth muscle of organs change causing movement in organ)
secretory/glandular (glandular stimulation, increased elimination mucous, hormones, enzymes)

Question 17

Prolonged cold to hands and skin of scalp causes _____

Answer 17

contraction of blood vessels of the brain

Question 18

Uses of cold (7)

Answer 18

reduces acute musculoskeletal trauma, limits inflammation, reduces fever, reduces most headaches, reduces muscle spasms due to analgesic effect, reduces edema, increases muscle tone

Question 19

Contraindications of using cold

Answer 19

cold client, aversion/hypersensitivity to cold, if cold causes headache, lack of sensation to treated area, poor circulation, history of frostbite to area, diabetes, if topical analgesic cream has been applied to area, unhealed wounds, malignancy in area, implants (pacemakers, stomach bands, infusion pumps), high blood pressure, precaution over bony prominences and superficial nerves,

Question 20

Caution for using cold

Answer 20

cold client, elderly client, young (under 8) client, superficial nerves

Question 21

Using cold METH

Answer 21

Movement
Elevation
Traction
Heat

Question 22

Using cold PEACE & LOVE

Answer 22

protections, elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education, load, optimism, vascularization, exercise

Question 23

C-BAN

Answer 23

cold, burning, aching, numbness

Question 24

Ice massage

Answer 24

ice is gently massaged over the injured area using overlapping strokes so that the entire area is covered
Duration: 5-10mins never exceed 15mins

Question 25

Cold compress

Answer 25

folded layers of natural fibre-cloths well wrung out with cold water

Question 26

Cold mitten friction

Answer 26

application of cold water to the skin with friction, using a wash mitt or small towel

Question 27

Cold wash

Answer 27

the therapeutic application of a thin film of water on the skin in a uniform manner with a wrung-out-cloth
(the mildest form of all hydrotherapy modality applications)

Question 28

Cold immersion (bath) effects

Answer 28

decreases temp, metabolism, inflammation, circulation, pain, muscle spasm

Question 29

Physiological effects of heat

Answer 29

vasodilation, sweating, metabolic rate/heart rate/respiratory rate/oxygen supply to heated area will increase, increase in elasticity of connective tissues, decrease in muscle tone, brief will stimulate while prolonged will sedate.

Question 30

General effects of heat

Answer 30

peripheral blood vessels dilate, perspiration increases, hyperemia/redness in skin, muscles relax, muscle spasms decrease, extensibility of muscular and scar tissue increases, ROM in joints increases, pain is reduced, relaxation in enhanced

Question 31

Effects of heat on the body

Answer 31

vasodilation and passive derivation occurs, hyperemia occurs, increase in local metabolism (chem reac up 2-3 times for every 10*C increase), increase in demand on heart, decrease in joint stiffness, increase fascial pliability, increased pain threshold, sedative effect

Question 32

Reflex effect of heat (prolonged heat >20min)

Answer 32

• to one extremity causes vasodilation of contralateral extremity
• to ab wall decreases intestinal blood flow & diminished intestinal motility
• to pelvis relaxes musculature of pelvic organs, dilates blood vessels increases menstrual flow
• to precordium increases heart rate, decreases force and lowers BP
• (moist) to chest promotes ease of respiration & expectoration
• to trunk relaxes the ureters or bile ducts, relieves renal/gall bladder collic
• (moist) to area over kidneys increases urine production, increased metabolism and filtration in kidneys, causes bladder to relax

Question 33

Indications for heat treatment

Answer 33

• promote injury/wound healing (after acute stage)
• non-inflammatory muscle pain, muscle spasm
• myofascial trigger point pain
• delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
• conditions involving spasticity (most sclerosis patients don’t tolerate heat)
• chronic tendonitis
• chronic bursitis
• scars
• soft tissue contracture
• non-inflammatory joint pain
• limited joint mobility, adhesive capsulitis
• poor mobility to general
• osteoarthritis
• rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides
• labor pain/perineal pain
• anxiety

Question 34

Precautions/contraindications for heat treatments

Answer 34

dehydrated/overheated before treatment, acute injury/inflammation, sensory/thermoregulatory disorders, cardio/renal/respiratory disorders, diabetes/peripheral vascular disease, severe varicose veins/marked edema, caution with heat in pelvis during pregnancy, elderly and infants are sensitive to burns, burns, infections, alcohol, bleeding disorders, lupus/multiple sclerosis/parkinson’s

Question 35

Disadvantages of heat

Answer 35

may cause swelling, can burn tissues if not monitored,

Question 36

Uses of moist heat

Answer 36

to chest eases respiration and promotes expectoration, reduces pain, decrease muscle spasm, increases pliability of tissues, preheat for massage

Question 37

Types of moist heat (6)

Answer 37

hydrocollator packs, thermophore, paraffin wax, hot compresses, medicated steam, herbal bath

Question 38

Thermophore uses

Answer 38

achy/tight muscles, warming chilled client, increase tissue pliability, preheat for massage, warming sheets prior to massage, promote relaxation, enhance/maintain heat of another hydrotherapy treatment

Question 39

Hydrocollar packs uses

Answer 39

when fast penetrating heat is wanted, increases pliability of tissues, local preheat for massage, decrease pain and nonacute muscle spasm, chronic conditions