Class 23: Valve Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
what is infective endocarditis
A
- infection of the heart valves or endocardial surface of the heart
2
Q
inflammation from infective endocarditis affects the ________
A
cardiac valves
3
Q
what causes infective endocarditis
A
- bacteria most common
- also viruses, & fungi
4
Q
what are the primary lesions of infective endocarditis
A
- vegetations
5
Q
what do the vegetations of infective endocarditis consist of
A
- fibrin
- platelets
- microbes
that adhere to the valve surface or endothelium
6
Q
what happens if portions of the vegetations from infective endocarditis are lost intro circulation
A
- can cause emboli
7
Q
what do emboli result in from infective endocarditis
A
- strokes, kidney disease, damage to spleen, pulmonary emboli, limb infarction
8
Q
what are risk factors for infective endocarditis
A
- IV drug use
- prosthetic valves
- acquired valve disease (ex. aortic stenosis)
- congenital heart disease
- pacemakers
- marfan syndrome
- cardiomyopathy
9
Q
what are symptoms of infective endocarditis
A
- low fever
- chills
- weakness
- malaise & fatigue
- anorexia
10
Q
what are oslers nodes
A
- tender, painful red or purple pea-ized lesions on fingertips or toes
11
Q
what are janeways lesions
A
- flat, painless, small red spots on palms & soles
12
Q
what are specific findings w infective endocarditis
A
- splinter hemorrhages
- petechiae
- oslers nodes
- janeways lesions
- roths spots
- murmur
13
Q
what are splinter hemorrhages
A
- occur in nail beds
14
Q
why might there be petechiae with infective endocarditis
A
- fragmentation & microembolization of vegetative lesions
15
Q
what are roth’s spots
A
- hemorrhagic retinal lesions
