Class 2 - Biochemistry 2

Question 1

Oxidation definition

Answer 1

Loss of electrons
Gain of oxygen
Loss of hydrogen

All above are signals of oxidation (all may not be seen at once)

Question 2

Reduction definition

Answer 2

Gain of electrons
Loss of oxygen
Gain of hydrogen

All above are signals of oxidation (all may not be seen at once)

Question 3

Ex.) Is the following an oxidation or a reduction?

NAD+ -> NADH

Answer 3

Reduction - gain of hydrogen

Question 4

Ex.) Is the following an oxidation or a reduction?

FADH2 -> FAD

Answer 4

Oxidation - Loss of hydrogen

Question 5

Ex.) Is the following an oxidation or a reduction?

Fe2+ -> Fe3+

Answer 5

Oxidation - electrons lost

Question 6

How do redox reactions appear?

Answer 6

In pairs
There will be two reactions - 1 reduction, 1 oxidation
They may be in a singular summary equation

Question 7

What is being oxidized and what is being reduced in the following reaction?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Answer 7

Glucose (C6H12O6) gets oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2) gets reduced to water (H2O)

*generally try to imagine what reactant is becoming which product

Question 8

What role does fain or loss of carbon have to do with redox?

Answer 8

NOTHING

Question 9

3 Processes of cellular respiration

Answer 9

1.) Glycolysis
2.) PDC / Krebs cycle
3.) ETC (Electron transport chain) / Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 10

Glycolysis - Where does it occur in the cell and is O2 needed?

Answer 10

Location - cytosol

O2 needed - no

Question 11

PDC / Krebs cycle - Where does it occur in the cell and is O2 needed?

Answer 11

Location - mitochondrial matrix

O2 needed - yes, oxygen is indirectly needed; Krebs doesn’t directly use an oxygen molecule

Question 12

ETC / Oxidative phosphorylation - Where does it occur in the cell and is O2 needed?

Answer 12

Location - inner mitochondrial membrane

O2 needed - yes, an oxygen molecule is directly used

Question 13

What you generally need to know for biochemical pathways:

Answer 13

1.) What is happening to the carbon chain - are carbons being added or are they being removed
2.) Energy in / Energy out- movement of ADP, etc.
3.) A few intermediates
4.) A few regulatory points- enzymes, enzyme inhibition, etc.

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

Pathway that takes glucose molecules in your cell and starts them into the process of oxidation to take some energy out of them

Question 15

How many carbon chains do you start with in glycolysis and how many do you end with?

Answer 15

Start with 1 - 6 carbon chain
End with 2 - 3 carbon chains

Question 16

What type of carbon molecule do you start with in glycolysis?

Answer 16

Glucose - a 6 carbon chain

Question 17

What happens to the 6 carbon glucose chain in the first step of glycolysis?

Answer 17

It gets phosphorylated at carbon #6 and becomes Glucose-6-phosphate (glu-6-P)

Question 18

In the second step of glycolysis, what isomer does Glucose-6-Phosphate isomerize into?

Answer 18

Fructose-6-Phosphate
(fru-6-P)

Question 19

In the third step of glycolysis, what happens to Fructose-6-Phosphate)?

Answer 19

It gets phosphorylated again, this time at carbon #1, and becomes Fructose-1,6-Bisphospate (Fru-1,6-bisP)