Class 2

Question 1

verterbral levels of coeliac, SMA and IMA branches

Answer 1

T12, L1 and L3

Question 2

3 branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 2

Coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA

Question 3

3 main branches off the coeliac trunk

Answer 3

common hepatic, left gastric and splenic

Question 4

what artery supplies the midgut

Answer 4

superior mesenteric

Question 5

what structures constitute the foregut

Answer 5

abdominal oesophagus, stomach, bulb of duodenum, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 6

is the caecum fore, mid or hindgut?

Answer 6

midgut

Question 7

3 sites of ureter constriction

Answer 7

1. where the ureters and renal pelvis meet
2. where the ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet
3. during passage through the urinary bladder

Question 8

What is likely to occur at these sites of constriction?

Answer 8

Kidney stones obstructing

Question 9

Are ureters intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 9

retroperitoneal

Question 10

Vertebral level of the kidneys

Answer 10

T12-L3

Question 11

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

Answer 11

Because pf the presence of the liver on the right

Question 12

What is more superior, the renal artery or vein?

Answer 12

renal artery

Question 13

anatomical relations of the suprarenal glands

Answer 13

between the superomedial aspect of the kidneys and the diaphragmatic crura

Question 14

what does a vagotomy typically treat?

Answer 14

stomach ulcer

Question 15

how does a vagotomy treat a stomach ulcer?

Answer 15

severing of one or more vagus nerve reducing gastric secretion i.e. stomach acid, reducing the erosion of the sore. However they are less common now and tend to performed in conjunction with a pyloroplasty (widening the pylorus)

Question 16

4 sites of portalcaval anastomosis

Answer 16

1. lower third of eosophagus
2. upper part of anal canal
3. paraumbilical
4. retroperitoneal

Question 17

what disease can cause portal hypertension

Answer 17

liver cirrhosis

Question 18

describe the pathway of drainage of the stomach

Answer 18

stomach –> gastric veins –> hepatic portal vein –>hepatic vein –> IVC

Question 19

describe the pathway of drainage of the hindgut

Answer 19

inferior mesenteric –> hepatic portal vein –> hepatic vein

Question 20

What drain into the SMV

Answer 20

small intestine, caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon

Question 21

what drains into the gastric veins

Answer 21

stomach

Question 22

what drains into the splenic vein

Answer 22

pancreas

Question 23

what drains into the IMV

Answer 23

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 24

what are the 4 veins which feed into the hepatic portal vein

Answer 24

gastric veins, splenic vein, SMV and IMV

Question 25

3 openings in the diaphragm and their vertebral levels

Answer 25

IVC - T8, oesophagus - T10, aorta - T12

Question 26

which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pain

Answer 26

parietal

Question 27

what somatic nerves innvervate the parietal peritoneum

Answer 27

T7-L1

Question 28

how does the greater omentum protect against spread of infection

Answer 28

adheres to the site of infection , due to the exudate, and wraps around the area

Question 29

attachments of the greater omentum

Answer 29

greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 30

attachments of the lesser omentum

Answer 30

lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver