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TCD > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

It is a network of vessels that distributes flow to all regions of the RT ad LT hemispheres of the brain.

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2
Q

What is the most important source of cerebral blood supply and collateral circulation?

A

Circle of Willis

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3
Q

Where is the circle of Willis?

A

It is located at the base of the brain.

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4
Q

How many people have a complete Circle of Willis?

A

Only 20% of the population.

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5
Q

What is the criteria for vessel identification?

A
  1. Depth of SV
  2. Direction of flow
  3. Traceability
  4. Transducer angulation
  5. Spatial relationship of waveform spectra
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6
Q

What are the characterisitics of transcranial doppler?

A
  • Non-invasive
  • Painless
  • Inexpensive
  • Provides instantaneous and continuous
  • Cerebral blood flow information
  • Can be used in any hopsital enviroment
  • Safe
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7
Q

What are the pitfalls and trouble spots of TCD?

A
  • Variations and incomplete circle of willis
  • Absent or small temporal windows
  • Not identifying/finding best temporal window
  • Improper doppler settings.
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8
Q

What should you set the equipment prior to an exam?

A
  1. Wipe down the transducer and cable
  2. Label vessel, adjust depth, power and direction of flow, before applying transducer on patient.
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9
Q

How should you position the patient pior to an exam?

A
  • Exam can be preformed with the patient in a supine or sitting position
  • DO NOT reposition a patient with EDV w/o nursing assistance
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10
Q

What window can the MCA be seen in?

A

Transtemporal window

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11
Q

What is the M1 segment depth range?

A

40-60mm

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12
Q

What is the M2 segment depth range?

A

30-40mm

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13
Q

What is the flow direction of the MCA?

A

Towards the transducer

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14
Q

How should you sample the MCA?

A

In 2mm increments

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15
Q

Can the MCA change direction?

A

No, it will never change direction.

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16
Q

Where can the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

In the transtemporal window

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17
Q

What is the depth range of the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

60-70 mm

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18
Q

What is the flow pattern in the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

Bidirectional

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19
Q

What is the flow direction in the ACA?

A

Away from the transducer

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20
Q

What window can the ACA be seen in?

A

Transtemporal window

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21
Q

What is the segment depth of the ACA?

22
Q

What is the normal flow direction of the ACA?

A

Away from the transducer

23
Q

When can the ACA flow direction change?

A

It can change direction with the presence of disease

24
Q

Where can the PCA be seen?

A

It can be seen in the transtemporal window

25
Q

What is the PCA’s segment depth range?

26
Q

What is the flow direction of the PCA?

A

Bidirectional

27
Q

What is the flow direction of P1?

A

Towards the transducer

28
Q

What is the flow direction of P2?

A

Away from the transducer

29
Q

When can the PCA flow direction change?

A

It can change direction with the presence of disease

30
Q

Where can you see the VA?

A

Transforamenal (suboccipital) window

31
Q

What is the segment depth range of the VA?

32
Q

What is the flow direction of the VA?

A

Away from the transducer

33
Q

When can the VA flow direction change?

A

It can change direction with the presence of disease such as subclavian steal.

34
Q

What is formed by the two vertebrals?

A

The basilar artery

35
Q

Where does the vertebral arteries enter through?

A

Foramen Lacerum

36
Q

Where is the BA seen?

A

Transforamenal (suboccipital) window

37
Q

What is the BA segment depth range?

38
Q

What is the flow direction of the BA?

A

Away from the transducer

39
Q

What is the first branch of the ICA?

40
Q

Where can the OA be seen?

A

Transorbital window

41
Q

What is the segment depth range of the OA?

42
Q

What is the flow direction of the OA?

A

Towards the transducer

43
Q

When can the OA change direction?

A

Presence of disease.

44
Q

What is the only high resistance cerebral artery?

45
Q

Where can the CS be seen?

A

Transforamenal (suboccpital) window

46
Q

What is the segment depth range of the CS?

47
Q

What is the flow direction of the CS?

A

Bidrectional from transducer because of tortuosity

48
Q

Where can the ICA be seen?

A

Submandibular window

49
Q

What is the segment depth range of the ICA?

50
Q

What is the flow direction of the ICA?

A

Away from the transducer

51
Q

What is used to calculate the lindegaard ratio?

TCD (5 decks)

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