Class 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Freud’s Work
A
- is called “Psychoanalysis”
- Key Ideas
- “Talking Cure” and Free association
- Conflict Theory: Unconscious sexual (pleasure wishes or libidos energy) and aggressive (thanatos or death wish) wishes are repressed
- agressive are destructive
- these conflicts are going on within us constantly
- Conversion: unacceptable wishes are converted into physical symptom
- Role of trauma in etiology of symptoms
- Later retracted, reframed as fantasy
- Transference and Countertransference
2
Q
Freud’s Work
(Subsequent Case Studies)
A
- Anna O.
- Dora, Little Hans, Rat Man, Wolf Man
- Psychosexual Development (psychosexual theory based on these cases)
- Infantile Sexuality, castration anxiety, Oedipus Complex
- Dreams: express unconscious fantasies
3
Q
Drive Theory
(basics)
A
- Psychosexual Stages
- Development is shaped by 2 drives
- Libido (i.e., sexual pleasure) and aggression (Thanatos)
- Development is hierarchical, invariant, sequential
- regression=returning to an earlier stage
- Fixation=getting stuck at a stage
- Development is shaped by 2 drives
4
Q
Drive Theory
(Developmental Stages)
A
-
Oral
- birth–1.5 yrs
- dependency or rage
-
Anal
- 1.5–3 yrs
- fastidious or messiness
-
Phallic
- 3–5 yrs
- Oedipus (Electra) Complex
- Oedipal myth: The unknown is made known…Resolved through identification with same gender parent…Child internalizes parent in form of Superego
-
Latency
- 6–11 yrs
- sublimation/focus on physical, social skills
-
Genital
- adolescence
- maturity = genital, heterosexual expression
5
Q
Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind
(picture)
A
- Practice drawing it without looking
6
Q
Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind
(list components)
A
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Unconscious
7
Q
Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind
(Conscious)
A
- Visible (just tip of iceburg)
- Governed by reality
- Logical, rational
8
Q
Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind
(Preconscious)
A
- At the waterline-just beyond conscious awareness
- Accessed via slips of the tongue
- unconscious slips out….and conscious is kinda aware…kinda not
9
Q
Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind
(Unconscious)
A
- Hidden, the larger part of the mind
- Unruly, passionate
- Motivated by pleasure
10
Q
Freud’s Structural Theory of
the Mind
(list components)
A
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
11
Q
Structural Theory: Id
A
- “Das Es” or “It”
- Primal:
- Sex and Aggression
- Self-gratification
- Does not like “no”
- Is not concerned with social convention
12
Q
Structural Theory: Ego
A
- “Ich” or “I”
- The Self
- Reality Principle
- Conscious
- Planful, problem-solving
13
Q
Structural Theory: Superego
A
- “Über Ich,” or “Above I”
- Tracks rewards and punishments
- Conscience: attends to warnings, negatives
- Ego Ideal: aims for standards of excellence
- Guilt
14
Q
Freudian Techniques
(list of techniques)
(goal)
A
- Techniques
- Evenly Hovering Attention
- constantly listening
- Free association
- bring patterns out
- Dream analysis
- Interpretation of Transference
- Evenly Hovering Attention
- Goal
- Unconscious becomes conscious (aka- “insight”)
- Patient remains neurotic, but has insight into why
15
Q
Ego Psychology
(is about …)
(Theorists)
A
- Primacy of the Ego
- Focus on Childhood and Ego Development
- Anna Freud (1895-1982)
- Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)
16
Q
Ego Development
(functions and what they provide)
A
- Ego Functions
- Reality Testing (internal vs. external)
- main function of ego (controlling superego and id)
- Judgment (“appropriate” behavior)
- Impulse control
- Modulating affect
- Object relations (stable sense of “other”)
- Self-esteem regulation
- Mastery (mastering stage-specific challenges)
- Reality Testing (internal vs. external)
- Provide:
- Mastery
- Coherence
- Continuity of the self
- Capacity to maintain relationships
17
Q
Ego Psychology: Defenses
A
- Defenses (Anna Freud, George Vaillant)
- Protect the Ego from disruption due to
- Conflict among Id, Ego, Superego
- Conflict in one’s relationships
- Conflict re: social norms and institutional rules
- Response to trauma
- System: Ego perceives anxiety, evaluates the danger activates defense(s)
- Adaptive
- All defenses are unconscious, and are activated unconsciously
- Therapist needs to respect the unconscious
- Defenses are hierarchical
- Protect the Ego from disruption due to
18
Q
Hierarchy of Defenses: Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)
(Psychotic aka narcissistic)
A
- Denial
- Projection
19
Q
Hierarchy of Defenses: Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)
(Immature)
A
- Acting out
- Dissociation
- Regression
20
Q
Hierarchy of Defenses: Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)
(Neurotic)
A
- Repression
- Reaction formation
- Displacement (e.g. in transference)
- Undoing (e.g. in OCD behaviors)
21
Q
Hierarchy of Defenses: Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)
(Mature Defenses)
A
- Sublimation
- humor
22
Q
Ego Psychology
(Heinz Hartmann)
A
- Ego exists independently of Id
- As opposed to Freud who believed Id gave birth to Ego and Superego was born to manage it all
- Fit between infant & caregiver can be “good enough”
- If good fit=ego will be strong enough
- Ego adapts to the environment
