Class 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Age of Pericles
A
495-429 BC
- Pericles’ lifetime coincided with the zenith of Athenian literature and Athenian drama
- This era was also marked by Pericles’ leadership
- His political dominance was praised by historian Thucydides
- Pericles gave funeral oration
- belief in self and in system (like America)
- P was a powerful orator, worked to ensure the fullest possible participation in government by all citizens
2
Q
Peloponnesian War
A
431-404 BC
- Athenians become more and more imperialistic and menacing to other states
- Athens gets a big head
- Between Athens and Sparta
- Pericles died during these years of fighting (perhaps due to the plague) – Athens lost stable leadership
- Peace treaty signed for Athens and Sparta
- Aristophanes writes about this time (women refuse to sleep with husbands until war is over)
3
Q
Philosophia
A
- philosophy
- Search for knowledge defined by the Greeks as philosophy
- The attempt to use reason to discover why things are the way they are
- Shows that Greeks were skeptical about explanations about the world and human behavior through mythology
- Greek city-states allowed for rational inquiry and debate
- Philosophy did not discount religion
4
Q
Pre-Socratics
A
- Believed that world could be constituted from one primal element
5
Q
Thales of Miletus
A
- 600 BC (?)
- He was a philosopher in the city of Miletus (a prominent trading center where the first Greek philosophers lived)
- He believed that everything in the universe was made of water
- Water found in several states – ice, mist, and water; and the first civilizations were nourished by large rivers
6
Q
Primal Element - Water
A
- Thales of Miletus believed that everything in the universe was made of water
- Philosophy began in Miletus
- Certain Milesians asked the question, “What exists?”
- They sought their answer in some primal element
- Thoughts and theories of primal elements led to the classification of all matter into 4 elements: earth, air, fire, and water
7
Q
Pythagoras
A
- around 530 BC
- Saw the key to all existence in mathematics
- Approached the universe through a study of numbers
- Thought everything could be boiled down to numbers
- Saw numbers as having special powers (some lucky, some unlucky)
- Discovered the harmonic intervals within the musical scale
- Stated the Pythagorean theorem in geometry about the are based on the sides of a right triangle
- Lacked the experimental methods of modern physicists, although his theorem has stood the test of time
- Perfect squares
- Called what he did “philosophy”
8
Q
Perfect Squares
A
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9
Q
Dante’s Paradise
A
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10
Q
Johannes Kepler
A
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11
Q
String Theory
A
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12
Q
Heraclitus and Parmenides
A
- 500 BC
- Heraclitus: constantly changing world
- Parmenides: World is a basic element that never changes
13
Q
Socrates
A
- Died 399 BC
- Fame based on what other people said about him
(did not write anything of his own) - Plato=his student (Aristotle=student of plato)
14
Q
Plato’s Dialogues
A
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15
Q
Sophists
A
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16
Q
“Make the lesser argument better”
“Knowledge of Knowledge’s Sake”
A
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17
Q
Plato
A
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18
Q
Republic
A
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19
Q
Theory of Knowledge
A
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20
Q
Timaeus
A
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21
Q
Theory of Forms, realism
A
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22
Q
Aristotle
A
- Died around 322 BC
- Student of Plato
- Wrote on everything - nature, metaphysics, etc.
- Theory of Knowledge - Distinction - where gods are is perfect (earth is not perfect)
- By observing that around us, we can get a sense of what is perfect
- Revival of Aristotle’s thinking in the Middle Ages – move toward empirical learning
23
Q
Semi-realism
A
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24
Q
Theater/Escapism/Political Message/Justice
A
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25
Tragedy, Comedy
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26
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
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27
Oresteia, Oedipus the King, Antigone
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28
Aristophanes
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29
Lysistrata, Clouds
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30
Herodotus
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31
Thucydides
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