CLASS 17, 18, 19 EXERCISES

Question 1

Define the type of study

Answer 1

One-case study

Question 2

Define the type of study

Answer 2

One-case study

Question 3

Define the type of study

Answer 3

Case series study

Question 4

Cross-sectional studies are used for…

Answer 4

Prevalence

Question 5

Answer 5

PREVALENCE

Question 6

Define the type of study

Answer 6

Ecological study.
Limitation= we cannot take into consideration other variables. Maybe countries which can afford chocolate have a better educational level.

Question 7

Define the type of study

Answer 7

Ecological study
Limitation= we do not know it children who ended up with leukemia had actually been exposed in the uterus to influenza (maybe those women did not get infected)

Question 8

Define the type of study

Answer 8

Ecological study
It is just on average at population level, but we do not know if those who developed cancer actually ate eggs.

Question 9

Answer 9

Ecological study.
But we do not know if those who developed cancer ate meat at all.

Question 10

ECOLOGICAL FALLACY

Answer 10

We cannot fill in the table, we just have the general numbers.
It informs us that the wealthier the country, the higher the BMI.
But within the country, those with lower socio-economic level have higher BMI. It is just the opposite.

IMPORTANT: One cannot necessarily infer the same relationship from the group level to the individual level. We may be ascribing to members of a group, characteristics that they do not possess as individuals.

Question 11

Define the study

Answer 11

Time-series study (ecological study)

Question 12

Define the study

Answer 12

Time-series study (ecological study)

Question 13

Define the study

Answer 13

Time-series study (ecological study)

Question 14

Answer 14

FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY

Question 15

Name the type of study

Answer 15

Cohort study