Class 12 - Speech Production Flashcards
What is a Shift speech error? Give examples
Frish gotto. (Fish grotto)
I had forgot abouten that. (Forgotten about)
Types of speech errors [7]
- Shifts
- Exchanges (aka Spoonerism)
- Additions
- Deletions
- Substitutions: Perservation & Anticipation
- Blends
- Tip of the tongue
- Malapropisms.
Exchanges [definition + 4 examples]
- Exchanges are double shifts. Two linguistic units change places.
- Hold card cash (cold hard cash: h and c changed)
- Stop beating your brick agains your head wall.
- You ordered up ending. (Just root word, not suffix)
- My Grand Canyon went to my sister
- Aka Spoonerism
Substitution examples.
- 2 subtypes?
- Put the oven on at a low speed.
- I hate…I mean love dancing.
- We need a few laughs to break up the mahogany.
Perservation: I cant cook worth a cam (damn)
Anticipation: Bake my bike
Malapropism + example
- the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound.
- “Texas has a lot of electrical votes,”
- rather than “electoral votes”.
- “Texas has a lot of electrical votes,”
Tip of the tongue.
- evidence for what?
- studies
- Can remember many features of the word:
- # of syllables: higher recall for less syllables
- Italian speakers: Can guess the word’s gender often.
PART OF KNOWING A WORD IS ITS LEXICAL INFO.
Properties of speech errors [3]
- Position: Elements involved are in a similar environment in terms of position and adjacent segments. (Eg. Initial parts of words in same spot, for Exchange errors)
- Similarity: Elements involved are similar.
Both consonants, vowels, etc - Phonological Rules: Follow phonological rules of English.
- tlips of the sung - never happens.
Freudian explain action of errors
More than one idea at a time.
Conflicting intentions: conscious intention and disturbing intention.
Bush Sr.: thank you for the wonderful recession (should be reception.)
Slips of the tongue reveal something about inner repressed thoughts.
Breakdowns involving different linguistic units: [5]
Phrases
- Grand Canyon sister sentence
Words
- Don’t burn your toes (fingers)
Affixes
- Read the backses of boxes (backs of boxes)
Phonemes
Left lemisphere
Phonological features
- Clear Glear plue sky.
Compare Fromkin’s model [2] and Dell’s model [4] of speech production.
Fromkin
- serial
- 6 stages
Dell
- parallel
- spreading activation
- nodes = units of language.
- 3 strata (syntactic, morphological, phonetic)
What are the 6 stages in Fromkin’s Serial Model of Speech production.
- Meaning identification.
- Syntactic structure selection.
- Intonation contour generation.
- Content words are inserted.
- Affixes and function words added.
- Phonetic segments are selected.
When a node is activated, what else is activated?
Connecting features are activated.
In which stage are the following errors according to Fromkin’s model?
“Blake fruid”
“She’s already trunked two packs.”
Stage 6 error.
Stage 4.
What effects do Dell’s model explain [3]? How?
- Malapropisms.
- Lexical bias effect:
- nodes in longterm memory contain real words, not nonwords. [Even when we see these, it’s because spreading activation]? - Phonemic similarity
- Phonological level
What are 2 speech errors that maintain morphosyntactic rules?
- Accommodation
- Agreement relations.
