Class 11 Flashcards
‘The Republic’ written by who and about whom?
By Plato. About Socrates
Who discussed first whether monarchy or democracy is better?
Plato and Aristotle.
Who discussed first about freedom being a fundamental right?
Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Who first argued that equality was as crucial as freedom?
Karl Marx.
Author of Hind Swaraj
Gandhi
Author of ‘Long Walk to Freedom’
Nelson Mandela
Hind Swaraj written in?
1909
‘On Liberty’ essay by?
John Stuart Mill
Mill’s Harm Principle
States should only interfere in ‘other-regarding’ actions ( that affect others ), not ‘self-regarding’ actions ( which affect only ourselves )
Positive liberty vs. negative liberty
Former - Enable development of individual and opportunities for expression - ‘freedom from..’
Latter - Inviolable area of non-interference/constraints - ‘freedom to’
Acc. to J. S. Mill, why should views never be restricted?
- No idea completely false
- Truth emerges through conflict with opposing ideas.
- So that truth does not become cliche and is trustworthy
- What if our idea is not true?
Data on combined wealth of the richest
World’s richest 1% have twice the wealth of rest of humanity combined ( Oxfam report )
Marxism and Socialism believe in? // Liberals
Public control over essential resources and property // Free and fair competition
Do liberals believe that political, economic and social inequalities are linked?
No.
Sapta Kranti of Rammanohar Lohia’s Socialism
Revolution of Inequality b/w:
- Man and woman
- Of Skin colour
- Of caste
- Of colonial rule
- Economic
- Civil liberties against encroachments on pvt life
- Non-violence
