Class

Question 1

Permutation

Answer 1

The number of different ordered possibilities for a certain situation

Question 2

Variance

Answer 2

A statistical measure of the spread or dispersion of a set of data. Population variance is represented by the symbol σ2, while sample variance is represented by the symbol s2

Question 3

Inter-quartile range

Answer 3

The difference, in value, between the bottom and top 25 percent of the sample or population

Question 4

Event

Answer 4

An outcome that occurs

Question 5

Sampling with replacement

Answer 5

When a piece of the population can be selected more than once

Question 6

Range

Answer 6

The difference between the minimum and maximum value in a given measurable set

Question 7

Null hypothesis

Answer 7

The argument that there is no difference between two samples or that a sample has not changed over time

Question 8

Hypothesis

Answer 8

A proposed explanation used as a starting point for future examination

Question 9

Significance level

Answer 9

A number that is used as the cutoff for how statistically meaningful a probability, equal to or more extreme than what was observed, is

Question 10

Trial

Answer 10

An experiment, a test of the performance or qualities of something or someone

Question 11

Specification limits

Answer 11

The area, on either side of the centerline, or mean, of data plotted on a control chart that meets the customer’s requirements for a product or service. This area may be greater than or less than the area defined by the control limits

Question 12

Sampling without replacement

Answer 12

When a piece of the population cannot be selected more than once

Question 13

Scatter diagram

Answer 13

A graphic that uses dots to show relationships or correlations between variables

Question 14

Control chart

Answer 14

A modified run chart that also provides upper and/or lower limits that a process should not exceed

Question 15

Standard deviation

Answer 15

The square root of the variance, a measure of how spread out the numbers are

Question 16

Mutually exclusive events

Answer 16

When two or more events are not able to occur at the same time

Question 17

Confidence interval

Answer 17

An interval estimate used to indicate reliability

Question 18

Mean

Answer 18

An average, calculated by adding a series of elements in a dataset together and dividing by the total number in the series

Question 19

Histogram

Answer 19

A graph that displays continuous data. This type of graph has vertical bars that show the counts or numbers in each range of data.

Question 20

Cumulative distributions

Answer 20

The probability that a random variable will be found at a value less than or equal to a given number

Question 21

Bar chart

Answer 21

A graph that measures the distribution of data over discrete groups or categories.

Question 22

Probability

Answer 22

The chance of an event occurring

Question 23

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 23

The argument that typically states that the sample is not equal to the hypothesized null sample

Question 24

test statistic

Answer 24

One value used to test the hypothesis, it is a numerical summary of the dataset

Question 25

Run chart

Answer 25

A line chart that shows performance measurements over time; run charts help to uncover trends or aberrations in processes

Question 26

Median

Answer 26

The value or quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution

Question 27

Z-score

Answer 27

A statistical measure that indicates the number of standard deviations a data point is from its mean

Question 28

Percentile

Answer 28

The value at which a certain percentage of the sample or population fall below

Question 29

Probability density function

Answer 29

Often used to represent probabilities of continuous data, a probability density function (pdf) gives the probability that a continuous random variable is equal to the area below it

Question 30

Combination

Answer 30

The number of different unordered possibilities for a certain situation

Question 31

Line graph

Answer 31

A graph that illustrates relationships between two changing variables with a line or curve that connects a series of successive data points

Question 32

Multiplication Principle

Answer 32

When the probabilities of multiple events are multiplied together to determine the likelihood of all of those events occurring

Question 33

Complement

Answer 33

The occurrence of an event not happening, the opposite