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Systems: Reproductive System > Class 1: Pelvis & Male Reproductive System Anatomy > Flashcards

Class 1: Pelvis & Male Reproductive System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony features of a male pelvis?

A

Narrow pubic arch
Round obturator foramen
Deep pelvis major
Supra-pubic angle <90 degrees

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2
Q

What are the bony features of a female pelvis ?

A 
Wide pubic arch
Oval obturator foramen
Shallow pelvis major 
Large pelvis outlet
Supra-pubic angle > 90 degrees
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3
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed true ?

A

Pelvic inlet

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4
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed false?

A

Greater pelvis (bones surrounding the inlet)

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5
Q

What are the borders of the pelvis?

A

Anterior border
Lateral border
Posterior border

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6
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial planar joint

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7
Q

Which muscles/structures occupy the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Obturator internus, ligaments and the piriformis muscle

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8
Q

Which muscle is present on the posterior wall of the pelvis ?

A

Piriformis muscle and coccygeus muscles

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9
Q

Which nerve network lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis ?

A

Sacral plexus (S2-S4)

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10
Q

What are the perineal and anococcygeal muscles?

A

Perineal: Found between the urethra and the vagina/testis and the anus
Anococcygeal: A fibrous median raphe in the floor of the pelvis which extends between the coccyx and the margin of the anus

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11
Q

Give 2 functions of the pelvic diaphragm

A

1: support abdominal viscera
2: Continence mechanism

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm ?

A

Pudendal nerve

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13
Q

What is a cystoceole ?

A

When the supportive tissue between the bladder and the vaginal wall weakens and stretches - the bladder bulges into the vagina.

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14
Q

What is a rectocoele?

A

A herniation of the front wall of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina - the recto-vaginal septum can become weak over time

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15
Q

Why is a mediolateral episiotomy preferable to a midline episiotimy?

A

The risk of damage to the anal muscles is much lower - preserve fecal continence

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16
Q

Name the pelvic organs which are part of the urinary system

A

Pelvic ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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17
Q

Name the pelvic organs which are part of the reproductive system in the male

A

Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland

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18
Q

Name the pelvic organs which are part of the reproductive system in the female

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Vagina
Uterus

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19
Q

Name the pelvic organs which are part of the alimentary system

A

Pelvic colon
Rectum
Anal canal

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20
Q

Which organs does the superior and inferior vesicle arteries supply?

A

The bladder
The seminal gland
Prostate

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21
Q

What is the superior and inferior vesicle artery a branch of?

A

Internal illiac artery

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22
Q

Which organs does the Gonadal artery supply?

A

Gonads (Testes and ovaries)

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23
Q

What is the gonadal artery a branch of ?

A

Abdominal aorta

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24
Q

What organs does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

The rectum

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25
Q

What is the rectal artery a branch of?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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26
Q

What organ does the uterine artery supply?

A

The uterus

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27
Q

What is the uterine artery a branch of?

A

The internal illiac artery

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28
Q

What organ/s does the middle and inferior rectal artery supply?

A

Middle and inferior aspect pf the rectum

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29
Q

What are the middle and inferior rectal arteries a branch of?

A

Internal illiac arteries

30
Q

What organ/s does the vaginal artery supply?

A

Vagina and base of the bladder

31
Q

What is the vaginal artery a branch of?

A

Uterine artery

32
Q

What organ/s does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

This is the main artery to the perineum and provides blood to the external genitals

33
Q

What is the pudendal artery a branch of ?

A

Internal illiac artery

34
Q

The venous drainage of the pelvis consists of what 5 veins ?

A 
Internal illiac veins
superior rectal veins
median sacral vein
Gonadal veins
Internal vertebral venous plexus
35
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation?

A

The upper and middle 3rds of the rectum via the superior rectal vein and into the portal circulation

36
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the systemic circulation?

A

The lower 3rd of the rectum via the middle rectal vein and into the systemic circulation

37
Q

What is the significance of understanding the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Some medicines can be given rectally instead of PO and still bypass first pass metabolism

38
Q

With which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate on its posterior side? and what is the clinical significance of this ?

A

pudendal and vesical plexuses

The route of bone metastases in prostate cancer

39
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve originate and how does it enter the inguinal canal?

A

L1

Via the superficial inguinal ring

40
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

The skin at the root of the penis in the male and the labia in the female

41
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate ? and how does it enter the inguinal canal?

A

L1-2

Via the deep inguinal ring

42
Q

What structures in the male are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve ?

A

Scrotal skin and cremaster

43
Q

What is the clinical significance of the genito-femoral nerve ?

A

Responsible for the cremasteric reflex - Contraction of cremasteric muscle when skin of the superior medial thigh is touched

44
Q

From which plexus does the pudendal arise ?

A

The sacral plexus

45
Q

At which segmental level does the pudendal nerve arise?

A

S4

46
Q

What bony landmarks do you think are used when performing a pudendal nerve block during labor?

A

The ischial spine

47
Q

How many primary lymph node groups are there in the pelvis ?

A

4

48
Q

Which organs in the pelvis does the external illiac lymph nodes drain?

A 
Bladder
External genitalia 
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
49
Q

Which organs in the pelvis does the internal illiac lymph nodes drain ?

A

Gluteal region
Deep perineum
Inferior pelvic viscera
Prostate

50
Q

Which organs in the pelvis do the sacral lymph nodes drain?

A

Rectum and posterior wall of the pelvis

51
Q

which organs in the pelvis do the common illiac lymph nodes drain?

A

Drainage from the external, internal and sacral lymph nodes

52
Q

What are the main contents of the spermatic cord ?

A

Vas deferens
Nerve
Artery
Venous

53
Q

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis?

A

Tunica Albuginea

54
Q

What are the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Visceral and parietal

55
Q

What is present between the 2 layers of tunica vaginalis?

A

A thin fluid layer - reduces friction between testes and scrotum

56
Q

What is a hydrocele ?

A

A collection of fluid within the scrotum

57
Q

What is a haematocele?

A

A collection of blood in tunica vaginalis?

58
Q

At what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta ?

A

L2 - above IMA

59
Q

What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?

A

Pampiriform plexus

60
Q

What is the function of these veins ?

A

Temperature regulation

61
Q

Into which vein does the right and left testicular vein drain?

A

Right testicular vein - IVC

Left testicular vein - Left renal vein

62
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

Distended testicular vein

63
Q

Which 2 lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

A

Lateral aortic and Pre-aortic

64
Q

What secretions are produced by the seminal vesicles ?

A

Semogelin - proteins which make semen sticky

65
Q

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

A

Fluid for semen

66
Q

What secretions are produced by the bulbourethral glands?

A

Alkaline mucus-like fluid

67
Q

Which lymph node group drains the prostate?

A

Internal illiac and sacral nodes

68
Q

Which lymph node group drains the seminal vesicle?

A

Internal and external illiac lymph nodes

69
Q

Which lymph node group drains the scrotum?

A

Retroperitoneal lymph nodes

70
Q

Which lymph node group drains the penis?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

Systems: Reproductive System (3 decks)

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