Class 1 - Introduction, Syllabus, and R Flashcards
- Be able to form and state a scientific hypothesis that can be tested with data o *Be able to explain the difference between sample and population o *Be able to explain the difference between parameters and statistics o *Be able to explain the difference between a random sample and a convenience sample o *Be able to explain the difference between error and bias
Define a “Scientific Hypothesis”
A testable prediction or educated guess about the relationship between variables.
Define a “Sample”
A sample refers to a SUBSET of individuals or observations that are selected from a larger population.
Define a “Population”
A population refers to the entire group of individuals, objects, or events that the researcher is interested in studying and about which they want to draw conclusions.
Define “Parameters”
A Parameter refers to a numerical characteristic or measure that describes a population.
Define “Statistics”
Statistics refer to the numerical techniques and methods used to collect, organize, analyze, interpret, and present data.
What are the two main branches of statistics?
Descriptive and Inferential statistics
What is a “Random Sample”?
A Random Sample refers to a subset of individuals or observations that are selected from a larger population in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
What is a “Convenience Sample?”
A Convenience Sample refers to a subset of individuals or observations that are selected based on their accessibility and availability to the researcher rather than through a random or systematic sampling method.
What is “Error”?
Error refers to fluctuations in data that occur due to chance or random variation. It is inherent in the process of sampling and measurement, and can affect individual data points unpredictably.
What Are the Two Main Types of Error?
The two main types of error Random Error and Systematic Error
What is meant by “Science is a Bayesian Updating Process.”
