Class #1 intraop Flashcards
What are the six purposes of surgery?
Diagnostic
Curing/repairing
Palliative
Prevention
Exploratory laparotomy
Cosmetic improvement
What is an example of a diagnostic purpose of surgery?
Biopsy
What is an example of a palliative surgical procedure?
Debulking/colostomy
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) threshold for intubation?
GCS under 8
What are the three components of consent?
Must be voluntary
Mental capacity
Needs to be informed
Who is responsible for obtaining consent for a surgical procedure?
The surgeon that is doing the procedure
Who can confirm consent in a surgical setting?
Can be a nurse
What is the order of temporary substitute decision makers for consent?
*Adult’s spouse
*Adult’s child
* Adult’s parent
* Adult’s brother or sister
* Adult’s grandparent
* Adult’s grandchild
* Anyone else related by birth or adoption
* Close friend
* Person immediately related by marriage
What are some special considerations for older adults (>65 years) during surgery?
- ↑ surgical site infection
- decreased temperature regulation
- Confusion and falls
- Skin breakdown
- ↑ risk for pneumonia
What types of medications are most likely to be held before surgery?
- Blood thinners (e.g., enoxaparin, rivaroxaban)
- Hypoglycemic drugs (e.g., insulin, metformin)
- Vitamins that interfere with clotting (e.g., E, garlic, ginkgo)
- Thyroid medications
- ACE inhibitors and ARB
What medications are typically given preoperatively?
- Acetaminophen
- Preventative antibiotics (e.g., Acef IV)
- Antiemetics
- Anxiety medications (e.g., benzodiazepines like Ativan)
- Eye drops
What are the four types of anesthetic?
- General anesthesia
- Local anesthesia
- Regional anesthesia
- Moderate sedation
What are common indicators of anaphylaxis during surgery?
- Hypotension
- Bronchospasm
- Pulmonary edema
- Angioedema
What are the signs of malignant hyperthermia?
- Hyperthermia
- Rigidity of skeletal muscles
- Lactic acidosis
What are the three most common complications categorized as catastrophic events in surgery?
- Anaphylaxis
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Blood loss
What are some of the most common surgeries performed in Canada?
- C-section
- Hip/Knee replacement
- Hernia
- Coronary artery bypass/angioplasty
- Pacemaker insertion
What psychosocial considerations should be taken into account for postoperative patients?
- Ride home
- Support system
- Post-op plan
*Past medical history
*meds
*allergies
*Alcohol/Drug use
As a post surgical nurse what information is important to know about what happened in the OR
-Aseptic technique used
-Positioning of the patient during surgery
-surgical site prep
-Safety considerations
-Type of anesthetic
what are examples of regional anesthetics?
-Spinal
-Epidural
what drug is most commonly used for moderate sedation
IV Benzos
